Ukwakhiwa kwe-opera yaseshashalazini kazwelonke yase-Ukraine kuhlotshaniswa negama lika-Oksana Andreevna Petrusenko. Iminyaka emifushane engu-6 kuphela u-Oksana Petrusenko wayichitha esiteji se-opera yase-Kyiv. Kodwa phakathi neminyaka, egcwele ukusesha kokudala kanye nomsebenzi ophefumulelwe, wathola indawo yokuhlonishwa phakathi kwezingcweti ezinjalo zobuciko be-opera yase-Ukraine njengokuthi: M. I. Litvinenko-Wolgemut, S. M. Gaidai, M. I. Donets, I. S. Patorzhinsky , Yu. S. Kiporenko-Damansky kanye no abanye.
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, igama lika-Oksana Petrusenko laduma kakhulu hhayi e-Ukraine kuphela, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe, lapho enza khona amakhonsathi noma amakhonsathi. Imfihlo yempumelelo yakhe itholakala ngokuzenzakalelayo nobuqotho bokusebenza kwakhe, emuzweni othakazelisayo u-Oksana Andreevna akwazi ukudlulisa ubuhle bengoma yesintu, ukujula kwemizwa yamaqhawekazi e-opera. U-Oksana Petrusenko wayenekhono lokuvusa isasasa elihle ezilalelini, ukufudumala izinhliziyo zabantu.
Ebuntwaneni kanye nentsha actress Oksana Petrusenko
Ksenia Borodavkina wazalwa ngo-February 18, 1900 e Balaklava (eduze Sevastopol). Ubaba wakhe, u-Andrei Borodavka, wayevela eMalaya Balakliya, esifundeni saseKharkov. Wafika eSevastopol ngenxa yenkonzo yakhe njengetilosi e-Black Sea Fleet, lapho isibongo sakhe sabhalwa kabusha kuWartkin. Umama ka-Xenia, uMaria Kuleshova, wayevela esifundazweni sase-Oryol.
Kwakuvela kuyise, owayenezwi elihle, ukuthi uKsenia wathola ithalenta lomculi. Nakuba intombazane empeleni yayingamazi uyise. Entwasahlobo ka-1901, wabulawa isifo sofuba. Umama waphinde washada, kodwa umyeni omusha wayephuza kakhulu. Kusukela eneminyaka engu-14, u-Ksenia wasebenza nsuku zonke echwebeni laseSevastopol, ecula ekwayeni yesonto nasemakhonsathini ayizimfundamakhwela. Lapho eneminyaka engu-18, wabaleka ekhaya neqembu likaStepan Glazunenko lomculo nedrama. Yaqala kanjalo-ke impilo yakhe yokuvakasha.
Ezinyangeni ezimbili kamuva, egqoke ijazi lesosha kanye namabhuzu amakhulu amasosha, u-Ksenia wabonakala enkundleni yemidlalo yaseKherson, eyayiholwa ngu-Ivan Sagatovsky. Yamukela intombazane eqenjini. Umkakhe (Ekaterina Luchitskaya) waqala ukufundisa actress abasha izisekelo zokuziphatha esiteji. Engenayo imfundo ekhethekile, wafunda izingxenye ze-opera Zaporozhets ngaphesheya kweDanube (S. Gulak-Artemovsky) noNatalka Poltavka (N. Lysenko) ngendlebe. Udlale njengomculi oyedwa wezingoma zomdabu. Uphinde waba yingcweti ngengxenye eyinkimbinkimbi kaTamara esenzweni sokugcina se-opera ethi The Demon (ka-A. Rubinstein).
Ukuqala kwendlela yokudala
Eshiya i-Sevastopol nelinye lamaqembu ahambayo ase-Ukraine, u-Oksana Andreevna ekwindla ka-1918 wajoyina iqembu le-State Ukraine Drama Theatre, eyayiqondiswa ngu-I. L. Saratovsky. Bekuyisigaba esibalulekile empilweni yobuciko bomculi.
Eshashalazini, wathola abangane bangempela nabeluleki, wafunda izisekelo eziqinile ezisebenzayo ze-stagecraft. Lapha amakhono akhe omculo nezwi athuthukile. I. L. Saratovsky kanye nenhloko yesidumbu K. L. Luzhitskaya Oksana babheka othisha futhi bagcina ubuhlobo obufudumele nabo. P. P. Boychenko (umqhubi weshashalazi) wafunda izingxenye ngokuhlelekile noPetrusenko.
Wagcwalisa ngenhliziyo yonke umfundi wakhe onekhono, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana waba umkakhe. Kodwa umshado awuzange uhlale isikhathi eside ngenxa yokuxabana njalo nokungavumelani mayelana nokudala. Ngo-1920, u-Oksana Andreevna, njengengxenye yeqembu lika-I. L. Saratovsky, wahamba namakhonsathi ePerekop Front.
Ngo-1922, waphinde wasebenza eqenjini eliphethwe I. L. Saratovsky. Intshisekelo yabalaleli yehla ngokushesha. U-Oksana Andreevna wazizwa isidingo sokuthuthukisa amakhono akhe okukhuluma nakakhulu. Wayefisa futhi imfundo sína futhi ehlelekile, ngakho waya Kyiv. Futhi ngo-1924 waba umfundi we-Faculty yomculo we-State Music and Drama Institute. N. Lysenko.
Ukuvakasha
Kamuva, Oksana Petrusenko wamenywa yaseshashalazini "Mhlwanyeli". Nokho, ngo-1926 waphinde wabuyela enkundleni yakhe yaseshashalazini, iqondiswa I. L. Saratovsky. Lapha wayevame ukuhlangana ne-coryphaeus yaseshashalazini yase-Ukraine P. K. Saksagansky, owafika lapha ngokuvakasha. Umdwebi omkhulu wabukela ngesithakazelo umsebenzi ka-Oksana osemncane, wameluleka, futhi wembula izimfihlo zobuciko bobuciko obungokoqobo.
Ngo-1926-1927. yaseshashalazini I. L. Saratovsky wavakashela emadolobheni amakhulu e-Volga - Saratov, Samara, Kazan, njll Kuye, lokhu kuyisivivinyo esisha samandla okudala. E-Saratov, u-Oksana Andreevna waba nemihlangano ethakazelisayo nezibalo zochwepheshe ze-opera house. Omunye wabo ungumqhubi odumile u-Ya. A. Posen, owesibili yi-opera tenor M. E. Medvedev. Bobabili uMedvedev noPosen bangabantu abancishanayo ngokunconywa futhi abangakwazi ukunikeza izincomo. Kodwa, ngemva kokulalela u-Oksana Andreevna emisebenzini eminingana, abaculi abazange babambe imizwelo yabo noma bancome ithalente lakhe. Beluleka uPetrusenko ukuya esiteji se-opera, lapho ayengabonisa khona ukunotha kwezwi lokudlala.
U-Oksana Petrusenko: Umsebenzi we-Opera
Phakathi nohambo lwaseshashalazini e-Kazan, u-Oksana Petrusenko wamukela isipho sobuholi be-Kazan Opera Theatre ukucula ingxenye ka-Oksana ku-opera Cherevichki (P. Tchaikovsky). Ngemuva komdlalo wakhe wokuqala oyimpumelelo, wajoyina ishashalazi.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kwaqala inkathi "ye-opera" yomsebenzi waseshashalazini kaPetrusenko. Kwaphela ngokubuyela kwakhe esigabeni sase-Ukraine njengomphathi owaziwayo kakade we-opera. Ukujwayelana kuka-Oksana Andreevna nomculi u-V. D. Moskalenko kungokwasenkathini yaseKazan, ashada nayo ngokushesha. Ekuqaleni, u-V. D. Moskalenko wamsiza kakhulu umculi ezifundweni zakhe zephimbo.
Kusukela ngo-1927 kuya ku-1929 U-Oksana Andreevna wacula izingxenye eziningi ze-opera esiteji saseKazan. Phakathi kwazo kwakukhona izingxenye ze-Aida ezivela ku-opera Aida (D. Verdi). Kanye noLisa noTatyana abavela kuma-operas Indlovukazi ye-Spades no-Eugene Onegin (P. Tchaikovsky), njll Kusukela ngo-1929-1931. umculi wenza esiteji Sverdlovsk Opera.
Ngo-1931, umculi wathuthela eSamara, lapho asebenza khona endlini ye-opera kwaze kwaba ngu-1934. I-repertoire yomculi yayihlanganisa inombolo ebalulekile yezindima ezivela kuma-opera ase-classical naseRussia. Umculi wase-Ukraine Drama Theatre waba umculi okhokhelwayo. Ukuguqulwa kuka-Oksana Andreevna esiteji se-opera yase-Ukraine kwakungokwemvelo futhi kusemthethweni.
Ngo-1934, inhloko-dolobha yase-Ukraine yasuswa eKharkov yayiswa eKyiv. Futhi amabutho amahle kakhulu wobuciko e-Ukraine akhangwa indlu ye-opera, u-Oksana Petrusenko naye wamenywa lapha. Ukusebenza kwakhe kokuqala ku-opera Aida (D. Verdi) ngokushesha kunqume indawo eyinhloko yomculi omusha eqenjini lemidlalo yaseshashalazini.
Ukuqashelwa nempumelelo
Ngo-May 12, 1935, unyaka wama-75 wokuzalwa kwakhe wawugujwa endaweni yokuzijabulisa e-Kiev Opera House. Futhi futhi iminyaka engu-50 yomsebenzi wokudala we-P.K. Saksagansky. Lolu suku lwesikhumbuzo lwalunencazelo engavamile nengokomfanekiso. Umculi odumile wayebonakala edlulisela induku yokudala endlini encane ye-opera yase-Ukraine. Izenzo zokuqala nezesithathu ze-opera Natalka Poltavka zethulwa ngobusuku besikhumbuzo.
Indima kaVozny yadlalwa nguP. K. Saksagansky no-A. M. Buchma, indima kaNatasha yadlalwa ngu-M. I. Litvinenko-Wolgemut no-O. A. Petrusenko, indima kaVyborn yadlalwa ngu-M. I. Donets kanye no-I. S. Patorzhinsky. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, igama lika-Oksana Andreevna Petrusenko lakhanya eduze kwamagama amakhosi adumile e-opera yase-Ukraine.
Sekudlule iminyaka engaphansi kwe-10 kusukela ekudalweni kwe-Kyiv Opera House, lapho ngo-March 1936 iqembu elincane labonisa impumelelo yobuciko beSoviet Ukraine eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala eMoscow. I-Kievans ibonise ukusebenza okuthathu esiteji se-Bolshoi Theatre: "I-Cossack ngaphesheya kwe-Danube" (S. Gulak-Artemovsky), "Natalka Poltavka" (N. Lysenko) kanye ne-"The Snow Maiden" (N. Rimsky-Korsakov) . Umculi we-opera umatasa emakhonsathini amathathu - ezingxenyeni zikaDaria, Natalia noKupava, abahlukile ngomlingisi. Umdwebi unikezwe ithuba lokukhombisa ithalente lakhe elicebile lasesiteji namakhono okucula.
Ukuduma komculi
Ukudlala kwalo mculi emidlalweni yezinsuku eziyishumi kudonsele ukunaka komphakathi womculo kuye. Waba isivakashi esamukelekile emahholo ekhonsathi eLeningrad, eMoscow nakwamanye amadolobha. Ubuholi Bolshoi Theatre wanikeza Oksana Andreevna ukuya esiteji eMoscow. Kodwa ngemva kokungabaza, wanquma ukungashiyi indawo yaseshashalazini yaseKiev, lapho azizwa exhunywe khona.
Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, umlingisi odumile wayesebenza. Walungiselela izindima ezintsha eziningana, phakathi kwazo okwakukhona: ULeya ku-opera Shchors (B. Lyatoshinsky), uLushka ku-opera ethi Virgin Soil Upturned (I. Dzerzhinsky) noNatalia ku-opera ethi Into the Storm (T. Khrennikova). Umdwebi wanikeza amakhonsathi e-Donbass, kumathiyetha eselula emadolobheni ase-Ukraine. Umculi onombono okhethekile wasiza ukuthuthukiswa kwemidlalo ye-amateur yezingane kanye nemidlalo ye-amateur yebutho laseSoviet.
Wayelokhu exhumana nabaqambi abadumile, becula izingoma zabo ngokuzithandela. Umdwebi ubevame ukuvakashela iklabhu yababhali. Phakathi nohambo lwenkulumo-ze oluya eNtshonalanga Ukraine ngo-1939, u-Oksana wahlabelela ngokuphefumulelwa ingoma ethi "My Ukraine, Ukraine" (umculo - D. Pokrass, lyrics - V. Lebedev-Kumach). Ukwakhiwa kwaduma kakhulu, abantu bafuna ukusebenza kwayo kuwo wonke amakhonsathi. U-Oksana Andreevna wayicula engahambisani nomhlangano wokugcina wePeople's Assembly eLvov. Lapho kwanqunywa ukuhlanganisa iWestern Ukraine ne-Ukraine SSR.
Ukufa komculi
Amakhonsathi wokugcina we-opera diva engenakuqhathaniswa senzeka eLvov, lapho ngo-June 1940 i-Theatre ye-Opera ne-Ballet ebizwa ngokuthi. T. G. Shevchenko edolobheni laseKyiv.
NgoJulayi 15, 1940, ukuphila kuka-Oksana Petrusenko kwaphela. Ukukhulelwa kwesibili komculi kwaba yingozi kuye. Ngo-July 8, 1940, e-Kyiv, wabeletha indodana, u-Alexander, futhi wafa kungazelelwe ngemva kwesonto. Inguqulo esemthethweni iyihlule legazi elivele "laphuka". Bekunamahlebezi okuthi imbangela yokufa wushevu. UmkaMarshal Timoshenko, owaba nesithakazelo kumculi futhi wayefuna ukumyisa eMoscow, wafumbathisa umhlengikazi, esaba ukuthi umyeni wakhe uzomshiya.
U-Oksana Petrusenko: Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Lapho abangane bakhe nabaxhasi bebizwa ngokuthi izitha zabantu, umqondisi wemidlalo yaseshashalazini, u-Yanovsky, ngesikhathi ephenywa, wathi u-Oksana Petrusenko wayezovakashela e-Italy. Futhi mhlawumbe hhayi kuphela ohambweni. Lokhu kusolwa kwabe kuyisimangaliso. U-Oksana wanquma ukungalindi usuku lwakhe lwembubhiso. Wathatha intambo wenza iluphu. Uzakwethu u-Alla wamthola enentambo entanyeni yakhe. Begichev. Ngabo lobo busuku, laba besifazane ababili baya ngasese eMoscow. Kukhona inguqulo Voroshilov wavikela umculi wakhe othandekayo. Wabuyiselwa emsebenzini.
Naphezu komona wamantombazane ngemfundo, kwakungekho zihlalo ehholo lapho kudlalwa khona iqhaza likaPetrusenko. I-opera diva yayingabangane noPavel Tychina, uMaxim Rylsky, uVladimir Sosiura. Wenze uxhaso lweciko elalingaziwa ngaleso sikhathi u-Ekaterina Bilokur. Wathola iposikhadi elivela kuStalin. Akazange amukele isimemo sokuthuthela eMoscow futhi abe soloist we Bolshoi Theatre.
Isikhathi sase-Ukraine sendlela enzima yokudala ka-Oksana Petrusenko yayingelula - inkazimulo yezwe ngengozi enkulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, uMarshal Semyon Timoshenko wayephethe isifunda sezempi esikhethekile e-Kyiv. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ubengumdlali weshashalazi wangempela. Ezikhathini zikaStalin, kwakukhona isiko eqenjini elite - ukukhetha amakhosikazi phakathi kwabahlabeleli noma abadlali. Khona-ke Marshal Timoshenko kwaba njalo eduze Oksana Petrusenko. Kwakukhona izimbali zama-roses abomvu, ukubukeka okunothando okuvela ezilalelini. Alukho ulwazi lokuthi umdwebi wamukele ukuqonywa yisikhulu sezempi.
Naphezu kwethalente negama lakhe elikhulu, u-Oksana Petrusenko wahlala engowesifazane olula noqotho. Wembulela umhlaba ithalente lika-Ekaterina Bilokur. Umculi wokuqala, ezwe ingoma yomdabu eyenziwe ngu-Oksana Petrusenko emsakazweni, wambhalela incwadi ecela usizo, kuhlanganise nemidwebo yakhe eminingana. U-Oksana wanikeza le ncwadi ochwepheshe be-Central House of Folk Art. Futhi ikhomishana yafika ku-Ekaterina Bilokur, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana uParis wayesevele ethanda imidwebo yakhe.
Umngcwabo
NgoJulayi 17, 1940, umngcwabo wathatha amakhilomitha ambalwa. U-Oksana Petrusenko wangcwatshwa emathuneni aseBaykove e-Kyiv, eduze nesonto. Lapho ekhishwa endlini ye-opera ngosuku lomcimbi womngcwabo, uKyiv wamhlangabeza ngehlombe elikhulu, njengasesikhathini sokuphila kwakhe. Isixuku sobukhulu obungakaze bubonwe ngaphambili silandele i-folk prima donna ukuya emathuneni ase-Baikove ngegagasi elikhulu. I-"Ukrainian Nightingale" yathula, kwaqhubeka izingxoxo nezingxabano. Ngo-2010, phambi kwe-Sevastopol Academic Russian Drama Theatre. Lunacharsky, kwavulwa uqwembe lwesikhumbuzo. Phakathi nezinyanga ezimbili yaphihlizwa abantu abacekela phansi impahla.
