Ukufaneleka kukaReinhold Gliere kunzima ukukubukela phansi. U-Reinhold Gliere ungumqambi waseRussia, umculi, umlingisi womphakathi, umbhali womculo kanye neculo lamasiko laseSt.
Ubuntwana nobusha buka-Reinhold Gliere
Usuku lokuzalwa lukaMaestro lungoDisemba 30, 1874. Wazalelwa e-Kyiv (ngaleso sikhathi idolobha laliyingxenye yoMbuso WaseRussia). Izihlobo zikaGliere zazihlobene ngokuqondile nokudala. Benza izinsimbi zomculo.
U-Reingold wazikhethela indlela ehluke kancane, kodwa ngandlela thize, wabuye wagxila emculweni. Wakhulela emndenini omkhulu. Inhloko yomndeni yakwazi ukuthola indawo enkulu eKyiv futhi yakha indlu eneshabhu. Imboni encane yokukhiqiza izinsimbi zomculo yaduma kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
U-Reingold wanyamalala izinsuku endaweni yokusebenzela. Walalela umsindo wezinsimbi zomculo. Yiqiniso, ngaleso sikhathi wayesefisa umsebenzi njengomculi.
UReingold wathola imfundo yakhe yephrofayili eMoscow Music College. Le nsizwa yaqamba izingoma zayo zokuqala isemusha. Izingcezu ezincane zepiyano ne-violin zaziswa ngabazali, okwathi, ngendlela, basekela uGliere kukho konke.
Wabe esekwazi ukuya ekhonsathini Peter Tchaikovsky. Ukusebenza kwe-maestro kwenza umbono ongenakucimeka ku-Reinhold. Kamuva, uzothi ngemuva kokusebenza kukaTchaikovsky, ekugcineni wanquma ukuxhuma impilo yakhe nomculo.
Ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu, wakwazi ukungena eMoscow Conservatory. U-Reingold wangena ekilasini le-violin, futhi waqala ukukhulisa ulwazi lwakhe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaSokolovsky.
Ngo-1900 waphumelela esikhungweni semfundo. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe wathuthukisa ulwazi lwakhe nolwazi lwakhe. U-Glier wathatha izifundo zokuqhuba, ukuqamba nokudlala ivayolini kothisha abadumile baseYurophu naseRussia.
Indlela yokudala kaReinhold Gliere
Ngemva kokuphothula e-Conservatory kanye neminyaka eyi-10 - u-Gliere wayesesikhungweni sokudala. Izingoma zakhe zenziwa ezigabeni ezinhle kakhulu zaseRussia naseYurophu. Izingoma zomculo ze-maestro zathola imiklomelo kubo. M. Glinka (umthombo ongekho emthethweni). Kusukela ngo-1908 wasebenza umqhubi (ikakhulukazi, maestro wenza izingoma zakhe siqu).
Umuzwa wangempela emhlabeni womculo kwakuwumsebenzi othi "Ilya Muromets", awethula ngo-1912 eMoscow Conservatory. Kwashintsha umqondo ngomculo we-classic.
Ngokushesha uGliere wathola isicelo sokuthatha isikhundla eKyiv Conservatory. Wazidlula futhi ngemva konyaka waba umphathi wesikhungo semfundo. Kwamthatha iminyaka engu-7 kuphela ukuthi i-Kyiv ibe idolobha elihamba phambili lekhonsathi yoMbuso WaseRussia ngaleso sikhathi. "Ukhilimu" wangempela womphakathi weza lapha.
Wanaka kakhulu imisebenzi yase-Ukraine kanye nenganekwane, lapho athola khona ukubonga okukhethekile nenhlonipho evela ezigidini zabantu base-Ukraine. U-Gliere unenqwaba yama-ballet, ama-opera, izingoma ze-symphonic, amakhonsathi, i-chamber nemisebenzi yezinsimbi emkweletini wakhe.
Izikhathi zenguquko nemisebenzi kaReinhold Gliere
Lapho kubusa amaBolshevik, izihlakaniphi, kuhlanganise noGliere, zaqala ukuhlushwa ukungabi nabulungisa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ama-conservatories azama ukufaka isicelo. Naphezu kwalokhu, uReingold wayivikela inzalo yakhe. I-conservatory yaqhubeka ikhona, futhi cishe bonke abasebenzi bokufundisa bahlala ezikhundleni zabo.
Ngemva kweNguquko YaseRussia, wandisa isikhundla sakhe emphakathini waseSoviet. Kodwa, wayesathanda izwe lomculo. Wahlela amakhonsathi futhi waqhubeka ejabulisa izethameli ngomdlalo wakhe oyingqayizivele.
Ngokushesha, uReinhold Gliere wathola isipho esivela kubabusi base-Azerbaijan sokuvakashela i-Baku enelanga. Umqambi akazange nje adlale amakhonsathi ambalwa, kodwa futhi wabhala umsebenzi we-symphonic we-chic "Shahsenem".
Lapho ebuyela ezweni lakubo, waqala ukudala elinye lama-ballet adume kakhulu. Sikhuluma ngomsebenzi "Red Flower". Kamuva, uzosho okulandelayo mayelana nomsebenzi: "Ngihlale ngisebenza, ngiqonda izicelo eziyinhloko zabantu abavamile."
Ekupheleni kwawo-20, i-maestro yathuthela eMoscow. Kwaphela amashumi amabili eminyaka efundisa e-conservatory. Lokhu kwanele ukukhiqiza inani elingenakubalwa labaculi nabaqambi abanekhono.
U-Reingold Gliere: imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu ye-maestro
Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba athole ukuqashelwa, washada nomfundi wakhe. U-Swede onekhono uMaria Rehnquist waba unkosikazi we-maestro. Wayewukuphela kwenkosikazi kaGliere. Laba bashadikazi bebekhulisa izingane ezi-5.
Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila nokufa komqambi uReinhold Gliere
Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50 yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, waphefumulelwa isiko lase-Ukraine. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, uphothula umsebenzi wobuciko benkondlo ye-symphonic "Zapovit". Khona-ke waqala ukusebenza ku-ballet "Taras Bulba".
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe wayichitha endaweni yaseMoscow, lokhu akuzange kumvimbele ukuba avakashele amazwe akhe. Ukusebenza kwe-maestro ngalesi sikhathi kubukwa izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni amakhulu ase-Ukraine.
Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, wabhala i-Fourth String Quartet edumile. Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, waqala ukusebenza ku-The Bronze Horseman nakuTaras Bulba.
Maye, phakathi nawo-50s, impilo yakhe yawohloka kakhulu. Odokotela bagcizelele ukuthi umqambi akumele azithwalise kanzima futhi asebenze kanzima. U-Gliere ubambe "ukuzivikela" kwaze kwaba sekugcineni - akayena umuntu ngaphandle komculo. Washona ngo-June 23, 1956. Wafa ngenxa yokopha ebuchosheni. Umzimba wakhe wangcwatshwa emathuneni Novodevichy.
