URobert Schumann uyingcweti edumile ebambe iqhaza elikhulu esikweni lezwe. I-maestro imele imibono ekhanyayo ye-romanticism kubuciko bomculo.
Wathi, ngokungafani nengqondo, imizwa ayinakuze ibe yiphutha. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe okufushane, wabhala inani elikhulu lemisebenzi ehlakaniphile. Izingoma ze-maestro zazigcwele ulwazi lomuntu siqu. Abalandeli bomsebenzi kaSchumann abazange bangabaze ubuqotho besithombe sabo.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Umqambi wazalwa ngoJuni 8, 1810 eSaxony (eJalimane). Umama nobaba uSchuman babe nendaba yothando ethokozisayo. Abazali babo babemelene nomshado ngenxa yobumpofu bukababa kaRobert. Ngenxa yalokho, le ndoda yakwazi ukubonisa ukuthi yayikufanelekela isandla sendodakazi yabo. Wasebenza kanzima, walondoloza umshado waqala ibhizinisi lakhe. Ngakho-ke, uRobert Schubert wayengumntwana osekunesikhathi eside elindelwe. Wakhuliswa ngothando nangokunakekela.
Ngaphandle kukaRobert, abazali bakhulise ezinye izingane ezinhlanu. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, uSchumann wayehlukaniswa umlingiswa ovukelayo futhi ojabule. Ngokuziphatha wayefana nonina. Lona wesifazane wayethanda ukutotosa izingane, kodwa inhloko yomkhaya yayingumuntu othule futhi okhululekile. Wancamela ukukhulisa izindlalifa zakhe ngobunzima.
Lapho uRobert eneminyaka engu-6 ubudala, wathunyelwa esikoleni. Othisha batshela abazali ukuthi umfana unezimfanelo zobuholi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amakhono akhe okudala atholakala.
Ngemva konyaka, umama wasiza uRobert ukuba afunde ukudlala upiyano. Ngokushesha umfana naye wabonisa ukuthambekela ekuqambeni izingoma. Waqala ukubhala umculo we-orchestra.
Inhloko yomkhaya yaphikelela ngokuthi uSchumann anikele ukuphila kwakhe ezincwadini. Umama waphikelela ekutholeni iziqu zomthetho. Kodwa le nsizwa yazibona igxile emculweni kuphela.
Ngemva kokuba uRobert evakashele ikhonsathi yomdlali wopiyano odumile u-Ignaz Moscheles, ekugcineni waqonda ukuthi yini ayefuna ukuyenza esikhathini esizayo. Abazali babengenalo ithuba ngemuva kokunqoba okubalulekile kukaSchumann endimeni yomculo. Badela base bebusisa indodana yabo ukuthi ifundele umculo.
Indlela yokudala yomqambi uRobert Schumann
Ngo-1830 i-maestro yathuthela eLeipzig. Wafunda umculo ngenkuthalo futhi wathatha izifundo kuFriedrich Wieck. Uthisha uhlole amakhono esigceme. Wamthembisa ikusasa elihle. Kodwa ukuphila kwanquma okuhlukile. Iqiniso liwukuthi uRobert wakhubazeka ingalo. Wayengasakwazi ukudlala upiyano ngejubane elifanele. U-Schumann usuke esigabeni sabaculi waya kubaqambi.
Ababhali bempilo kaSchumann baveze izinguqulo eziningana, ngokusho ukuthi umqambi wathuthukisa ukukhubazeka kwengalo. Enye yazo ibhekisela eqinisweni lokuthi i-maestro iqeqeshelwe isifanisi sakhe esenziwe ngesandla sokwelula intende yesandla. Kwakukhona namahemuhemu okuthi yena ngokwakhe wasusa i-tendon ukuze azuze ukudlala upiyano we-virtuoso. Unkosikazi osemthethweni uClara akazange ayamukele le nguqulo, kodwa babesavuma.
Ngemva kweminyaka emine efikile edolobheni elisha, uSchuman wadala iNew Musical Newspaper. Wazithathela ama-pseudonyms okudala ahlekisayo, wagxeka indalo yomculo yabantu besikhathi sakhe ngaphansi kwamagama ayimfihlo.
Izingoma zikaSchumann zaletha isimo esijwayelekile sabantu baseJalimane. Khona-ke izwe lalimpofu futhi licindezelekile. URobert wagcwalisa umhlaba womculo ngezingoma zothando, zezingoma nezinomusa. Yini kuphela kuwufanele umjikelezo wakhe odumile upiyano "Carnival". Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, i-maestro yathuthukisa ngenkuthalo uhlobo lwezingoma zomculo.
Lapho indodakazi kaRobert ineminyaka engu-7 ubudala, umqambi wayinikeza indalo. I-albhamu ethi "Album for Youth" isekelwe emisebenzini yabaqambi abadumile bangaleso sikhathi. Iqoqo liqukethe imisebenzi engu-8 kaSchumann.
Ukuthandwa komculi uRobert Schumann
Ngegagasi lokuthandwa, wakha ama-symphonies amane. Izingoma ezintsha zigcwaliswe ngamazwi ajulile, futhi zixhunywe umugqa wendaba owodwa. Okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu kuphoqe uSchumann ukuthi athathe ikhefu elincane.
Iningi lemisebenzi kaSchumann igxekwe. Umsebenzi kaRobert awuzange uthathwe njengowothando ngokweqile, ukuvumelana nokuba yinkimbinkimbi. Khona-ke kuzo zonke izinyathelo kwakukhona ukuqina, izimpi nokuvukela umbuso. Umphakathi awukwazanga ukwamukela umculo "ohlanzekile" futhi ophefumulayo. Besaba ukubheka emehlweni ento entsha, futhi uSchumann, ngokuphambene nalokho, wayengesabi ukulwa nesistimu. Wayezicabangela yena yedwa.
Omunye wabaphikisi abashisekayo bakaSchumann kwakunguMendelssohn. Ngokungagwegwesiyo wabheka uRobert njengesehluleki. Futhi uFranz Liszt wayegcwele imisebenzi ye-maestro, waze wafaka ezinye zazo ohlelweni lwekhonsathi.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abalandeli besimanje be-classics banentshisekelo enkulu emsebenzini kaSchumann. Izingoma ze-maestro zingazwakala kumafilimu: "Doctor House", "Grandfather of Easy Virtue", "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button".
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu
Umaestro wahlangana nonkosikazi wakhe wesikhathi esizayo emzini kathisha wakhe uFriedrich Wieck. UClara (umkamqambi) wayeyindodakazi kaVic. Ngokushesha lo mbhangqwana wanquma ukubhalisa ubuhlobo bawo ngokomthetho. URobert wabiza uClara inqolobane yakhe. Owesifazane wayengumthombo wogqozi lwakhe.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uClara naye wayengumuntu wokudala. Wayesebenza njengomdlali wopiyano. Ukuphila kwakhe amakhonsathi njalo futhi uhambo azungeze amazwe. Umyeni onothando wayehamba nomkayo futhi ezama ukumsekela kukho konke ayekwenzayo. Lona wesifazane wazala uSchumann izingane ezine.
Injabulo yomkhaya yaba eyesikhashana. Eminyakeni emine kamuva, uRobert waqala ukubonisa ukuhlaselwa okukhulu kokuphazamiseka kwezinzwa. Abaningi bayavuma ukuthi kwakungumngane womshado owabangela isifo sesimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko.
Iqiniso liwukuthi ngaphambi komshado, uSchumann walwela ilungelo lokubhekwa njengomyeni ofanelekayo kaClara. Naphezu kokuthi uyise wentombazane wayebheka umqambi njengomuntu onekhono, waqonda ukuthi uRobert wayengumnxibi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuze uthole ilungelo lokushada noClara, uSchumann walwa noyise wentombazane enkantolo. Kodwa nokho, uVic wanika indodakazi yakhe ngaphansi kokunakekelwa komculi.
Ngemva komshado, uRobert kwadingeka abonise njalo ukuthi wayengeyena omubi kunomkakhe omuhle futhi ophumelelayo. U-Schumann wayebonakala esethunzini lomkakhe odumile. Emphakathini, ukunakwa okubalulekile bekulokhu kukhokhwa kuClara nomsebenzi wakhe. Wazabalaza nobuhlungu bengqondo kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe. I-maestro iphinde yathatha ikhefu lokudala ngenxa yokwanda kokugula kwengqondo.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngomqambi uRobert Schumann
- UClara wayevame ukwenza izingoma zomyeni wakhe odumile, waze wazama ukubhala imisebenzi yakhe. Kodwa kulokhu wehluleka ukudlula uSchumann.
- Kuyo yonke impilo yakhe yokuqaphela, i-maestro yafunda okuningi. Lolu thando lwaqhutshwa nguyise, owayedayisa izincwadi.
- Kuyaziwa ukuthi uyise kaClara wamthatha ngenkani edolobheni iminyaka engu-1,5. Naphezu kwalokhu, uSchumann wayelinde othandekayo wakhe futhi ethembekile kuye.
- Angabhekwa njenge "godfather" kaJohannes Brahms. Ephephandabeni lakhe, umaestro ukhulume kamnandi ngezingoma zalo mculi osemusha. U-Schumann ukwazile ukudonsela ukunaka kwabalandeli bomculo we-classic kuma-Brahms.
- USchumann wavakashela izindawo eziningi emazweni aseYurophu. I-maestro yaze yavakashela insimu ye-Russian Federation. Naphezu kokuvakasha okusebenzayo, izingane ezingu-8 zazalwa emndenini, nokho, ezine kuzo zashona ziseyizinsana.
Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila komqambi
Ngo-1853, uMaestro, kanye nomkakhe, bathatha uhambo olujabulisayo endaweni yaseHolland. Umbhangqwana waba nesikhathi esimnandi. Bamukelwe ngenhlonipho. Ngokushesha, uRobert waba nolunye usizi. Wanquma ukuzibulala ngokuzithandela ngokugxumela eMfuleni iRhine. Umzamo wakhe wokuzibulala awuzange uphumelele. Umculi usindisiwe.
Ngenxa yemizamo yokuzibulala, wafakwa emtholampilo futhi wayeka ukuxhumana noClara. NgoJulayi 29, 1856 wafa. Imbangela yokufa kwaba ukuminyana kwemithambo yegazi nokulimala kobuchopho.
