Uma sikhuluma nge-romanticism emculweni, khona-ke umuntu akanakuhluleka ukubiza igama likaFranz Schubert. I-Peru maestro inezingoma ezingama-600. Namuhla, igama lomqambi lihlotshaniswa nengoma ethi "Ave Maria" ("Ingoma Yesithathu Ka-Ellen").
USchubert akazange afise ukuphila okunethezeka. Angavumela ukuphila ezingeni elihluke ngokuphelele, kodwa aphishekele imigomo engokomoya. Wabe esephila njengesinxibi.
Ngesinye isikhathi umaestro walengisa ibhantshi lakhe kuvulandi amaphakethe engaphandle. Ngakho, wayefuna ukwazisa abakweletwayo ukuthi kwakungasekho lutho ayengaluthatha kuye. Waphila impilo emfushane kodwa enezigigaba ezimangalisayo. Ukuthandwa kwakhe kwaba kukhulu kuphela ngemva kokufa kwe-maestro. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, ithalenta le-genius laqashelwa kuphela e-Austria yakubo.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Uvela edolobheni elincane, eliseduze neVienna enemibalabala (Austria). UFranz wakhulela emndenini ompofu ongasebenzi. Ngaphezu komfana onesiphiwo, lo mbhangqwana ukhulise ezinye izingane ezingu-6. Ekuqaleni, umndeni wakwaSchubert wawunezingane ezingu-15, kodwa ezingu-9 zazo zafa ziseyizinsana.
Umculo wawuvame ukudlalwa ekhaya lomkhaya. Umkhaya wawuphila ukuphila okunesizotha, futhi ukudlala umculo kuphela kwasiza ekuphazamiseni izinkinga. Ubaba nendodana endala babedlala izinsimbi zomculo eziningana.
Umfana waqala ukutadisha notation zomculo kusukela esemncane. Inhloko yomndeni yabona ithalenta elithile endodaneni yayo, ngakho yamthumela esikoleni sesonto. Lapho, wakwazi ukudlala i-organ futhi wathuthukisa ikhono lakhe lezwi lafinyelela ezingeni elikhokhelwayo.
Ngokushesha lo mfana wabhaliswa njengomculi womculo wesonto, owawuseVienna. Ngemva kwesikhashana, wamukelwa ejele elinecala (isikole sokuhlala). Lapha wenza abajwayelene nabo "abaphefumula" umculo. Naphezu kwentuthuko evamile, uSchubert wabhekana nobunzima ngokutadisha isiLatini kanye nesayensi eqondile.
Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo, uFranz wamukelwa ekwayeni yasebukhosini. Injabulo yabazali yayingenamingcele. Babenethemba lokuthi isimo sabo sezimali sizoba ngcono. Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, wabhala ukwakheka kwakhe kokuqala. Lapho inhloko yomkhaya izwa ngo-Antonio Salieri encoma indodana yakhe, ekugcineni yaqiniseka ukuthi iyingcweti.
Indlela yokudala yomqambi uFranz Schubert
Ukuthomba kwasusa into eyinhloko ku-Schubert - izwi elizwakalayo. Empeleni, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, waphoqeleka ukuba ahambe eKonvikt. Inhloko yomndeni yaqala ukugcizelela ukuthi indodana yakhe ilandele ezinyathelweni zakhe futhi ifunde kahle umsebenzi wobuthisha. UFranz akazange abe nesibindi sokumelana nentando kayise. Le nsizwa yahamba yayosebenza esikoleni sendawo.
Umsebenzi awuzange unikeze injabulo enkulu. Wayewuthanda umculo, ngakho ukufundisa esikoleni kwakufana nomsebenzi onzima. Phakathi nezifundo, uFranz wathatha incwadi futhi waqhubeka nokuqamba izingoma. USchubert wawujabulela umsebenzi kaBeethoven noGluck.
Ngokushesha wethula i-opera yokuqala enenjongo kubalandeli bomculo wakudala. Sikhuluma ngezingoma ezithi "Inqaba KaSathane Yokujabulisa" kanye nethi "IMisa ku-F Major".
U-Schubert ukhulume ezincwadini zakhe ukuthi umculo awuzange umshiye umzuzu. I-maestro yaze yaphupha mayelana nezingoma. Wavuka ngamabomu ebuthongweni wayobhala phansi ebhukwini lokubhalela.
Ngezimpelasonto, izivakashi zazihlangana kwaSchubert. Beza ngenjongo eyodwa kuphela - ukulalela izingoma ezihlakaniphile ze-maestro encane. Ubusuku obungalindelekile bukaFranz babungebubi kakhulu kunamakhonsathi ochwepheshe ezindlini ze-opera.
Ngo-1816, uFranz wazama ukuthola umsebenzi wokuba umholi wesonto lamakhwaya. Naphezu kolwazi lwakhe olukhaliphile emkhakheni womculo, izinhlelo zikaSchubert zazingahloselwe ukufezeka.
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi wahlangana noJohann Fogal. Ngenxa yokusekelwa kwakamuva, izigidi zezakhamizi ezikhathalelayo zase-Austria zafunda ngethalente likaSchubert. U-Fogal wenza izingoma zothando ehambisana no-Schubert.
Abaningi bathi umdlalo kaSchubert wawukude neze nokuhle. Ikhono lakhe alinakuqhathaniswa noBeethoven. Wayengavamile ukujabulisa izethameli ngomdlalo onekhono, ngakho uFogal wayesashayelwa ihlombe kakhulu.
Ngo-1817 waba umbhali womculo wengoma ethi "Trout". Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-maestro yaqamba ingoma ehambisana nomculo kaGoethe ethi "The Forest King". Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, igunya likaFranz laqala ukuqina.
Ukuduma komqambi uFranz Schubert
Ngemva kokuduma, uFranz wanquma ukushiya isikhundla sokuba uthisha. Wamemezela isinqumo sakhe kuyise, owasabela kabi. Inhloko yomkhaya yancisha indodana yayo usizo lwezinto ezibonakalayo. Futhi waphoqeleka ukuba afune indawo ezindlini zabangane bakhe.
UFortune akazange amamatheke ebuka umpetha. Ngokwesibonelo, i-opera ethi Alfonso e Estrella yathola ukubuyekezwa okungekuhle kubagxeki bomculo. "Ukwehluleka" kuhilela ukuwohloka okukhulu ekusekelweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo, wangenwa isifo esalimaza impilo yakhe. Umqambi washiya idolobha lakubo futhi wathuthela eZheliz. Wahlala endaweni ka-Count Johann Esterhazy. U-Franz wafundisa izingane zesibalo ukubhala ngomculo.
I-maestro yethula umjikelezo wengoma ethi "The Beautiful Miller's Woman" (1823). Ezingoma, uFranz wakwazi ukutshela umphakathi ngobuhlakani ngensizwa eyahamba iyofuna injabulo yayo. Kodwa injabulo yomfana yayisekufuneni uthando. Le nsizwa yathandana nendodakazi ye-miller, kodwa intombazane ayikwazanga ukubuyisela, ikhetha imbangi.
Ngegagasi lokuthandwa nokuqashelwa, i-maestro yaqala ukusebenza ku-opera ethi The Winter Road. Ngemva kokwethulwa komsebenzi, abaningi baphawula ukungabi nathemba, okwakuhambisana nokusangana. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi u-maestro wabhala i-opera eyethulwa ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe.
I-biography ka-Schubert ayinazo izikhathi ezibuhlungu. Ngokuvamile kwakudingeka ahlale ezindlini ezingaphansi kophahla nasezindlini ezimanzi. Naphezu kokuba mpofu, i-maestro ayizange icele usizo lwezezimali kubangani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akazange asebenzise isikhundla sakhe embuthanweni we-elite.
Lapho u-maestro esezocindezeleka, unhlanhla waphinde wamoyizela. Iqiniso liwukuthi umqambi wakhethwa njengelungu le-Vienna Society of Friends of Music. Wacula okokuqala ngqa ekhonsathini yombhali wokuqala. Kungalolu suku lapho ethokozele khona ukuthandwa, udumo nokuhlonishwa izwe lonke. Izithameli zenze umpetha waphakamisa ihlombe.
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu
UFranz wayeyindoda enomusa, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ephazanyiswa amahloni akhe. Abaningi bakusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ukuzethemba kwakhe. Ubumpofu bukaSchubert bushiye ama-typos empilweni yakhe yomuntu siqu. Amantombazane ayethanda izesheli ezicebile.
Inhliziyo ye-maestro edumile yatholwa intombazane egama layo linguTeresa Gorb. Intsha yahlangana ngesikhathi isekwayeni yesonto. Intombazane yayingenabo ubuhle nokukhangayo. Umqambi wamthanda ngenxa yomusa wakhe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uSchubert waphawula ukuthi wayejabule ngendlela uTeresa ayezithoba ngayo. Owesifazane wayengachitha amahora amaningi ebuka umculi edlala upiyano. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuso bakhe babugcwele injabulo nokubonga ku-maestro odumile.
UTeresa akazange ashade noSchubert. Lapho kukhona ukukhetha phakathi komqambi nomkhiqizi ocebile, umama waphikelela ukuthi indodakazi yakhe ikhethe "isikhwama semali" hhayi uthando.
Ngemuva kwale noveli, uSchubert wayengenakho impilo yomuntu siqu. Ngo-1822, wangenwa isifo se-venereal esingelapheki. Ngothando, umaestro waya ezindlini zezifebe.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngomqambi
- Ukuphila okufushane, ikhonsathi eyodwa kuphela ye-maestro edumile eyenzeka. Ngemva kwekhonsathi, ngenzuzo, wazithengela upiyano.
- Enye yezingoma ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu ze-maestro kwakuyi-"Serenade".
- USchubert wayengumngane wakhe Beethoven.
- I-Symphony No. 6 ye-maestro yenziwa inhlekisa eLondon Philharmonic futhi yenqaba ukuyidlala. Namuhla, ukwakheka kufakwe ohlwini lwezingoma ezidume kakhulu zomqambi.
- Wayewuthanda umsebenzi kaGoethe futhi efuna ukumazi kangcono. Kodwa amacebo akhe ayengahloselwe ukufezeka.
Ukufa kukaMaestro Franz Schubert
Ekwindla ka-1828, umqambi waqala ukuhlushwa umkhuhlane. Lesi simo sasibangelwa i-typhoid fever. NgoNovemba 19, uMaestro washona. Wayeneminyaka engu-32 kuphela ubudala.
