Amakhono omculo womqambi uFranz Liszt abonwa abazali babo besebancane. Isiphetho somqambi odumile sixhumene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nomculo.
Izingoma zikaLiszt azikwazi ukudidaniswa nemisebenzi yabanye abaqambi bangaleso sikhathi. Indalo yomculo ye-Ferenc ingeyokuqala futhi ihlukile. Bagcwele izinto ezintsha kanye nemibono emisha yobuhlakani bomculo. Lona ungomunye wabameleli abaqhakazile bohlobo lwe-romanticism emculweni.
Ubuntwana nobusha benkosi uFranz Liszt
Umqambi odumile wazalelwa edolobheni elincane Doboryan (Hungary). Umama kaFerenc wazinikela ekukhuliseni izingane, futhi inhloko yomndeni yayiphethe isikhundla sesikhulu. Umndeni wawungahlali ebumpofu. ULiszt wajwayelana nomculo esemncane. Bekunguye yedwa ingane emndenini.
Ubaba wayenesithakazelo ekuthuthukiseni indodana yakhe. Kusukela esemncane, u-Adam (uyise kaFerenc) wafunda nengane ukuphawula komculo. Esontweni, uLiszt Omncane wayeyingcweti yesitho futhi wathuthukisa namakhono akhe okukhuluma.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-8 ubudala, ukusebenza kokuqala kukaFerenc phambi kwezikhulu ezihloniphekile kwenzeka. Ubaba wahlela ikhonsathi ye-home impromptu, lapho uLiszt aba "isici esivelele" sohlelo.
U-Adamu wayekholelwa ukuthi ikhono lendodana yakhe kufanele lithuthuke ngangokunokwenzeka, ngakho wapakisha ipotimende lakhe wahamba nenzalo yakhe eVienna. Lapho, uFerenc wasebenza nothisha womculo. Ngesikhashana nje, le nsizwa yakwazi ukudlala upiyano. Ngemva kokuba uthisha ebone ukuthi kwakuzodingeka asebenze nobani, wenqaba ukuthatha imali yokufundela umculo. Ucabange ukuthi uFerenc wayeyingane engakhuli kahle ngokomzimba.
Isenzakalo esiphawuleka kakhulu sobuntwana bukaLiszt kwakuyisigameko esisodwa esihlekisayo. Ngemva kwekhonsathi, u-Beethoven waya kuFerenc osemusha. Wayejabule ngokudlala kukaLiszt. Njengophawu lokubonga ngomdlalo omuhle kakhulu, umqambi wamanga umfana. Ukuqashelwa kwenkosi kwamkhuthaza umculi osemusha.
Lapho esemusha, waya ukunqoba Paris. U-Liszt wayefuna ukungena ku-conservatory yendawo. Naphezu kwethalenta lakhe elisobala, akazange amukelwe esikoleni somculo. Isizathu sokwenqaba ukuthi wayengesona isakhamuzi saseFrance. Uhlu lwalungafuni ukushiya izwe langaphandle. Waqala ukuziphilisa ngokudlala izinsimbi zomculo.
Ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula, wavakashela othisha baseFrance. Izikhathi ezinhle zathathelwa indawo ukucindezeleka. Lapho eneminyaka engu-16, wezwa ngokufa kukayise. UFerenc waba lusizi ngokushonelwa othandekayo. Iminyaka emithathu walishiya izwe lomculo. Kwase kubonakala kuye ukuthi impilo isiphelile.
Indlela yokudala yomqambi uFranz Liszt
Umqambi osemusha waqala ukuqamba ama-etudes ngisho nangaphambi kokuthuthela eFrance. Esemusha, wabhala i-opera ethi Don Sancho, noma i-Castle of Love. Umsebenzi owethulwe wathandwa abaningi. I-opera yadlalwa eGrand Opera ngo-1825.
Ngemva kokushona kwenhloko yomndeni, uFerenc waba nesikhathi esinzima. Washeshe wavuthwa. Manje zonke izinkinga wazixazulula eyedwa. Khona-ke iNguquko kaJulayi yagqashuka emhlabeni. Iziqubulo zenguquko zazizwakala nxazonke. Abantu babefuna ubulungisa.
Isiphithiphithi esasibusa ezweni sagqugquzela umpetha ukuba abhale iRevolutionary Symphony. U-Liszt wabe eseqala umsebenzi wekhonsathi osebenzayo. Ngokushesha wahlangana nabanye abaculi abadumile bangaleso sikhathi. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona uBerlioz noPaganini.
UPaganini uwugxekile kancane umdlalo kaFerenc. U-Liszt washiya umsebenzi wekhonsathi isikhathi esithile futhi waqala ukuthuthukisa indlela yokudlala izinsimbi zomculo.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, waqaphela ukuthi wayefuna nokuthuthuka njengothisha. I-maestro ifundise abaculi abasebasha ukuphawula komculo. Ngalesi sikhathi, umqambi odumile uFrederic Chopin waba nomthelela omkhulu emsebenzini wakhe.
Baxoxa ngani Chopin akazange abheke uLiszt njengomqambi onekhono. Kwaphela isikhathi eside engawuboni umsebenzi kaFerenc. Nokho, ngemva kokuhambela ikhonsathi nokuhlangana ne-maestro mathupha, waveza umbono wakhe wokuthi uLiszt wayengumculi onekhono futhi oculayo.
Isiqalo esisha
Lapho efika e-Switzerland, uFerenc waqala ukubhala iqoqo elihle lemidlalo. Sikhuluma ngomsebenzi "Iminyaka Yokuzulazula". Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngaphezu kokubhala izingoma, wayekuthanda ukufundisa. Ngokushesha wamenywa ukuba athathe isikhundla sokuba uthisha e-Geneva Conservatory. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ukuthandwa kwe-maestro eFrance kwehle kakhulu. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi amaFulentshi azikhethela isithixo esisha, uSigismund Thalberg.
Ngalesi sikhathi, uLiszt wahlela ikhonsathi yakhe yokuqala eyedwa. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, ukudlala ngabodwana bekuyivelakancane kunokuhlukile. Kusukela kulesi sikhathi, abantu baseYurophu baye bahlukanisa phakathi kwemicimbi ye-salon neyekhonsathi.
Ngokushesha uFerenc wahamba nomndeni wakhe ohambweni lokuya eHungary. Ngokuhambisana nabanye, uLiszt wayehlela amakhonsathi eyedwa. Omunye wemidlalo yalo mculi ubuhanjelwe yimbangi yakhe uSigismund Thalberg. Ngemva kwekhonsathi, wabonga kakhulu ku-maestro ngemizwa aba nayo ngenkathi elalele umculo wakhe omnandi. Eminyakeni eyisithupha eyalandela, uLiszt wenza imisebenzi yekhonsathi. Khona-ke okokuqala wavakashela Russian Federation. Ehlatshwe umxhwele uhambo, umqambi udale iqoqo lezingcaphuno ezivela kuma-opera aseRussia.
Ngo-1865, isihloko somsebenzi kaFerenc sashintsha. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi wathola i-tonsure encane njenge-acolyte. Izingoma zakhe zazigcwele ingokomoya. Ngokushesha wethula emphakathini izingoma ezigqamile "The Legend of Saint Elizabeth" kanye "Christ".
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu
Ngemva kokushona kukayise, uFerenc waba sengathi usebhokisini. Wayengenandaba nomculo, zonke izigigaba ezazisenzeka emhlabeni zazidlula ezindlebeni zakhe. Lapho ehlangana no-Countess Marie d'Agout, isimo sashintsha. List wayithanda ngokushesha intombazane. Wayenokunambitheka okuhle futhi enesithakazelo kwezobuciko besimanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayehlanganyela ekubhaleni izincwadi.
Ngesikhathi bejwayelana, uMarie wayeshade nendoda ecebile. Lapho ehlangana noLiszt, yonke into yabheka phansi. Washiya umyeni wakhe, kanye naye umphakathi ovamile. Ngesithandwa esisha, lona wesifazane wathuthela eSwitzerland. Abakaze babhalise ubuhlobo babo. Nokho, lokhu akuzange kuvimbe lo mbhangqwana ukuba ube nezingane ezintathu.
Kodwa uLiszt wayengelula ngendlela uMarie ayengase acabange ngayo. Ngokushesha wathandana nomka-Nikolai Petrovich Wittgenstein - Carolina. Imizwa yayihambisana. Baphoqeleka ukuba bashiye imindeni yabo babaleke edolobheni.
Ngenxa yenkolo yowesifazane, imvume kaPapa kanye nombusi waseRussia yayidingeka ukuze kuhlanganiswe inyunyana entsha. Umbhangqwana wehluleka ukufeza lokho owawukufuna, ngakho waphila umshado osemthethweni.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngomqambi
- Ubhale izingcezu zomculo ezingaphezu kuka-1000.
- U-Liszt uqale uhlobo olusha ekuqambeni umculo - izinkondlo ze-symphonic.
- Lapho ehlala phansi ophiyano, walimaza insimbi yomculo. Wadlala upiyano ngokomzwelo kakhulu.
- Wayethanda umculo weChopin noPaganini.
- U-Liszt udale i-opera eyodwa kuphela.
Iminyaka Yokugcina Yomqambi uFranz Liszt
Ngo-1886, i-maestro yabamba iqhaza komunye wemicimbi yomculo wendawo. Kwabe sekukhona isimo sezulu esibi, ngenxa yalokho u-List wagula. Akazange athole ukwelashwa okufanele, futhi ngenxa yalokho, isifo esilula sakhula saba inyumoniya. Umculi wayengenawo amandla. Ngokushesha waba nezinkinga nesimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
Odokotela base bethi lo mculi uvuvukele emathonjeni angezansi. Ngenxa yokugula, wayengakwazi ukunyakaza ngendlela evamile. Ngokushesha wayengasakwazi ukuzihambela ngisho nasendlini. NgoJulayi 19, 1886, kwenziwa umsebenzi wokugcina we-genius edumile. Julayi 31 wayengekho. Ushonele ehhotela lendawo.
