Rodion Shchedrin - Umqambi onekhono Soviet futhi Russian, umculi, uthisha, isibalo somphakathi. Naphezu kweminyaka yakhe, uyaqhubeka nokudala futhi abhale imisebenzi ehlakaniphile nanamuhla. Ngo-2021, i-maestro yavakashela eMoscow futhi yakhuluma nabafundi baseMoscow Conservatory.
Ubuntwana nobusha bukaRodion Shchedrin
Wazalwa maphakathi no-December 1932. Rodion waba nenhlanhla ngokuzalwa enhloko-dolobha yaseRussia. I-Shchedrin yayizungezwe umculo kusukela ebuntwaneni. Inhloko yomndeni yaphothula esikoleni sobufundisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayethanda ukudlala umculo futhi enephimbo eliphelele.
Ubaba ubengasebenzi ngokomsebenzi. Ngokushesha wangena eMoscow Conservatory futhi wafakwa ohlwini njengomunye wabafundi abanekhono kakhulu emfuleni wakhe. Unina Rodion naye wayethanda umculo, nakuba wayengenayo imfundo ekhethekile.
Rodion wafunda esikoleni eMoscow Conservatory, kodwa impi yamvimbela ukuba athole iziqu esikhungweni semfundo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, wabhaliswa esikoleni samakhwaya, lapho uyise afunda khona. Esikhungweni semfundo, wathola ulwazi oluhle kakhulu. Ekupheleni kwesikole, uRodion wayebukeka njengomdlali wepiyano ochwepheshe.
Izifundo zikaShchedrin ku-conservatory
Khona-ke kwakulindeleke ukuba ayofunda eMoscow Conservatory. Le nsizwa yazikhethela umkhakha wokuqamba nowopiyano. Wadlala insimbi yomculo ngobungcweti kangangokuthi wacabanga ukuwuyeka umkhakha wokuqamba. Ngenhlanhla, abazali bakhe bamxosha kulo mbono.
Wayengathandi kuphela izingoma zabaqambi bangaphandle nabaseRussia, kodwa futhi nobuciko bomdabu. Ekuqanjweni okukodwa, waxhumanisa ama-classics kanye nendabuko. Ngonyaka wama-63 wekhulu elidlule, i-maestro yethula ikhonsathi yakhe yokuqala, ebizwa ngokuthi "Naughty ditties".
Ngokushesha waba yilungu le-Union of Composers. Ngesikhathi ehola le nhlangano wayefuna ukusiza abaqambi abasafufusa. I-maestro yaqhubeka ngomqondo omuhle wegama ukukhuthaza uhlelo lomholi wangaphambili - Shostakovich.
Umsebenzi kaRodion Shchedrin, ngokungafani nabanye abaqambi abaningi baseSoviet, wathuthuka ngokuphawulekayo. Ngokushesha wazuza ukuthandwa nokuqashelwa, kokubili phakathi kwabalandeli naphakathi kozakwabo.
Rodion Shchedrin: indlela yokudala
Ukwakheka ngakunye kwe-Shchedrin kwazizwa kungumuntu ngamunye, futhi yilokhu lapho bonke ubuhle bemisebenzi yakhe belele khona. U-Rodion akakaze azame ukujabulisa abagxeki bomculo, okwamvumela ukuba enze imisebenzi eyingqayizivele nengenakulinganiswa. Uthi kule minyaka engu-15-20 edlule uyeke ngokuphelele ukufunda ukubuyekezwa ngomsebenzi wakhe.
Uqamba izingoma ezisuselwe kwezakudala zaseRussia ngesikhathi esihle kakhulu. Nakuba u-Rodion ehlonipha umsebenzi wama-classics angaphandle, usakholelwa ukuthi udinga "ukuhamba" ngethrekhi eshaywayo.
Ngokusho kukaShchedrin, i-opera iyohlala iphila phakade. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yalokhu, wakhiqiza ama-opera angu-7 ahlakaniphile. I-opera yokuqala yomqambi yayibizwa ngokuthi Hhayi Uthando Kuphela. U-Vasily Katanyan wasiza uRodion ukuba asebenze kulolu hlelo lomculo.
Umboniso wokuqala we-opera wenziwa eBolshoi Theatre. Lokhu kwenziwa ngu-Evgeny Svetlanov. Ngegagasi lokuthandwa, i-maestro iqamba inombolo yeminye imisebenzi edume ngokulinganayo.
Wabuye wasebenza emisebenzini yezwi. Amakhwaya ayisithupha kaPushkin "Eugene Onegin" afanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile, kanye nezingoma ze-cappella.
Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe, Shchedrin akazange akhathale ukuhlola. Akazange azifake ebhokisini. Ngakho-ke, wabuye waqashelwa njengomqambi wefilimu.
Waqamba umculo wamafilimu ambalwa ka-A. Zarkhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabambisana nabaqondisi u-Y. Raizman no-S. Yutkevich. Imisebenzi ye-maestro ifakwe emakhathuni "I-Cockerel-Golden Scallop" nethi "Gingerbread Man".
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu yomqambi
URodion Shchedrin ubiza i-ballerina ebukekayo uMaya Plisetskaya ngowesifazane oyinhloko wokuphila kwakhe. Bahlala ebuhlotsheni bomndeni obuqinile iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-55. Umqambi wagcwalisa umkakhe ngezipho ezibizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wanikela umculo kwabesifazane.
UMaya noRodin bahlangana endlini kaLily Brik. U-Lily weluleka uRodion ukuba ahlolisise uPlisetskaya, lowo, ngokombono wakhe, ngaphezu kokudansa kwe-ballroom, wayenezwi eliphelele. Kodwa usuku lokuqala lwenzeka eminyakeni embalwa kamuva. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, intsha ayizange ihlukane.
Ngendlela, le ndoda yayingakhathazeki ngokuthi ngokumelene nesizinda sikaMaya, wayehlala engemuva. Wonke umuntu wakhuluma ngaye njengomfazi we-ballerina enkulu. Kodwa lona wesifazane ngokwakhe waphatha Rodion hhayi ngaphansi kukankulunkulu. Yayimkhonze ngakho konke okuhle nokubi.
Rodion waphupha izingane ezivamile. Maye abakaze babonakale kulomshado. Kumqambi, isihloko sokungabikho kwezingane emshadweni besilokhu "sigula", ngakho wayenqikaza ukuphendula imibuzo "ebuhlungu" yezintatheli nabajwayele.
Umndeni wakwaShchedrin ubulokhu waziwa kakhulu. Ngakho, kwaba namahemuhemu ukuthi uMaria Shell wanika Rodion efulethini Chic Munich. Umqambi ngokwakhe uhlale ephika iqiniso lokunikela ngezindlu ezithengiswayo, kodwa akazange aphike ukuthi bangabangani ngempela nemindeni yakwaShell.
Kodwa, kamuva uRodion wabelana ngolwazi oluthile. Kwavela ukuthi uMaria wayemthanda ngasese. Kamuva, owesifazane wavuma uthando lwakhe ku-maestro, kodwa imizwa yayingahambisani. Umdlali we-actress waze wazama ukuzilimaza ngenxa ye-Shchedrin.
Rodion Shchedrin: izinsuku zethu
Ikakhulukazi yokugubha usuku lomqambi ngo-2017, ifilimu ethi "Passion for Shchedrin" yakhululwa. Emadolobheni amaningi aseRussia, kwakunomkhosi wokuhlonipha uMqambi Ohlonishwayo waseRussian Federation. Ukuze agubhe iminyaka yakhe, wakhulula iculo elithi “Composition for the choir. I-cappella".
Akangeni ezinkontileka ezintsha. U-Rodion uyavuma ukuthi unyaka nonyaka unamandla amancane, futhi namuhla sekuyisikhathi sokujabulela izithelo zalokho akuzuzile phakathi nomsebenzi wakhe wokudala. Kodwa, lokhu akulibali iqiniso lokubhala izingoma ezintsha. Ngo-2019, wethule abalandeli bakhe umsebenzi omusha. Sikhuluma nge "Misa Lesikhumbuzo" (yekwaya exubile).
Ngo-2019, iMariinsky Theatre yaqhubeka nokusebenzisana kwayo nomqambi ngokukhiqizwa kwe-opera yakhe ethi Lolita. Ngo-2020, kwadlalwa enye i-opera enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi. Imayelana nemiphefumulo efile. Namuhla uchitha isikhathi esiningi eGermany.
Ngo-2021, wabuyela eMoscow Conservatory, lapho ephothula khona eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu edlule. UShchedrin wethule iqoqo lakhe elisha lamakhwaya elithi “Rodion Shchedrin. Ikhulu lamashumi amabili nanye ... ", eyanyatheliswa yi-MPI yendlu yokushicilela yaseChelyabinsk.
Umhlangano wokudala we-maestro, owavakashela eRussia okokuqala phakathi nalolu bhubhane, wenzeka eHholo laseRachmaninov, eligcwele abafundi nothisha.
