USam Cooke ungumbungazi ovelele. Umculi wema emsuka womculo we-soul. Umculi angabizwa ngokuthi omunye wabaqambi abakhulu bomphefumulo. Waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokudala ngemibhalo yenkolo.
Sekudlule iminyaka engaphezu kuka-40 kwashona lo mculi. Naphezu kwalokhu, usengomunye wabaculi abakhulu base-United States of America.
Ubuntwana nobusha bukaSamuel Cook
USamuel Cook wazalwa ngoJanuwari 22, 1931 eClarksdale. Umfana wakhulela emndenini omkhulu. Ngaphandle kwakhe, abazali bakhe bakhulise ezinye izingane eziyisishiyagalombili. Inhloko yomndeni yayikhonze kakhulu. Wasebenza njengompristi.
Njengezingane eziningi embuthanweni wakhe, uSam wayecula ekwayeni yesonto. Akumangazi ukuthi unqume ukuhlanganisa impilo yakhe yekusasa nesiteji. Ngemva kokucula ethempelini, uSam Cook waya esigcawini sedolobha. Lapho, kanye ne-Singing Children, wanikeza amakhonsathi angakaze abonwe.
Indlela yokudala ka-Sam Cooke
Kakade ekuqaleni kwawo-1950, u-Sam Cooke waba yingxenye yeqembu levangeli eliphayona i-Soul Stirrers. Emibuthanweni yabalandeli bevangeli, leli qembu belidume kakhulu.
Futhi nakuba uSam wayeqhuba kahle, wayephupha ngokunye okwengeziwe. Le nsizwa yayifuna ukuhlonishwa “kwabamhlophe” kanye “nabamnyama”. Isinyathelo sokuqala esavulela umphakathi umculi omusha we-pop ongumuntu ka-Sam Cooke kwaba ukwethulwa komculo oqanjwe ngokuthi Loveable.
Ukuze ungesabi "abalandeli" abathembekile be-Soul Stirrers, i-disc yakhululwa ngaphansi kwegama lokuqamba elithi "Dale Cook". Kodwa noma kunjalo, igama lomculi alikwazanga ukulondolozwa, futhi isivumelwano nelebula yevangeli kwadingeka ukuthi sinqanyulwe.
USam Cooke akazange alivale ikhala lakhe. Ibhadi lokuqala walithatha kalula. Umculi osemusha ungena kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukubhukuda" okuzimele. Uzame umsindo wamathrekhi, wethula izingoma ezihlanganisa umculo we-pop, ivangeli nesigqi kanye nama-blues.
Abagxeki bomculo bajabule kakhulu ngokuphindaphinda kwasekuqaleni kwemigqa yesihloko enama-nuances ephimbo lomculo.
Ukuqashelwa kwangempela kwethalente lika-Sam Cook kuhlotshaniswa nokwethulwa kwengoma ethi You Send Me. Umculi wethula ingoma ngo-1957.
Ifinyelele inombolo yokuqala kuBillboard Hot 1, idayisa amakhophi angaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili e-United States.
Isiqongo Sokuduma kuka-Sam Cooke
USam Cook ubengenalo ithemba lokuphinda impumelelo yengoma ethi You Send Me. Irekhodi laqhubeka laba yingoma eshisa izikhotha kule minyaka eyishumi. Kodwa nokho, umculi, ithrekhi ngethrekhi, wadala isitayela sakhe sokwenza izingoma zomculo.
Cishe nyanga zonke, u-Sam Cooke wayegcwalisa ibhange lakhe lomculo nge-ballads yothando ethinta inhliziyo. Ngaleso sikhathi, intsha yayinesithakazelo kakhulu emsebenzini womculi. Amathrekhi agqamile omculi afaka:
- Ngezizathu Zokuzwela;
- Wonke Umuntu Uthanda I-Cha Cha Cha;
- Ishumi Nesithupha kuphela;
- (Yini A) Umhlaba Omangalisayo.
Ngemuva kokuqopha i-albhamu ehlanganisiwe noBillie Holiday, i-Tribute to the Lady Sam Cooke yathuthela ku-RCA Records. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, waqala ukukhipha amaqoqo ayehlukaniswa ngokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo.
Ngendlela elula futhi evusa inkanuko ejulile, izingoma zaba wuphawu luka-Sam Cooke kanye nomculo womphefumulo osafufusa. Angakanani amaculo ethi Bring It on Home to Me kanye ne-Cupid. Phela, lezi zingoma zahunyushwa nguTina Turner, Amy Winehouse nabanye abadlali abaningi.
Ngawo-1960, kwakukhona "ikhefu elivilaphayo". Lo mculi ukhethe ukunikeza umdidiyeli wakhe isiteringi. Eqinisweni, akanandaba nokuthi acule ngani, acule kuphi futhi kanjani. Ukuphelelwa ithemba okunjalo "kwamboza" uSam Cooke. Iqiniso liwukuthi wehlelwa inhlekelele.
USam Cooke ushonelwe ingane encane. Noma kunjalo, u-Cook usekele inhlangano emnyama yokulingana, ethonywe ithrekhi ka-Bob Dylan ethi Blowin' in the Wind, uhlobo lweculo lale nhlangano - i-ballad ethi A Change Is Gonna Come.
Ngo-1963, i-discography yomculi yagcwaliswa nge-albhamu "emanzi". Irekhodi lalibizwa ngeNight Beat. Ngemva konyaka, kwakhululwa elinye lamaqoqo athandwa kakhulu, elithi Is Not That Good News.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngoSam Cooke
- Umagazini we-Rolling Stones wabiza lo mculi omunye wabaculi abakhulu bekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ungene kubaculi abangu-100 abahamba phambili. Lo magazini umbeke endaweni yesine ehloniphekile.
- Ngo-2008, owayenguMengameli waseMelika uBarack Obama, ezwa ngokunqoba kwakhe okhethweni, wakhuluma nezakhamuzi zase-United States, isiqalo sayo saphikiswa engomeni ethi A Change Is Gonna Come.
- Ngemva kokushona kukaSam Cooke, umlandeli wakhe uBobby Womack washada nomfelokazi womculi uBarbara. Indodakazi kaCook yashada nomfowabo kaWomack. Njengamanje uhlala e-Afrika nezingane eziyisishiyagalombili.
Ukufa kukaSam Cooke
Inkosi yoMphefumulo yashona ngoDisemba 11, 1964. Akazange ayishiye le mpilo ngokuthanda kwakhe. Impilo yalo mculi yanqanyulwa ukudutshulwa kwesibhamu. Ukufa komculi oneminyaka engu-33 kwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezingavamile, kuze kube yilolu suku kubangele "inhlebo".
Isidumbu sika-Sam Cooke sitholwe emotela eshibhile e-Los Angeles. Wayegqoke ingubo phezu komzimba wakhe onqunu kanye nezicathulo. Igama lombulali lasheshe laziwa. Lo mculi udutshulwe ngumnikazi wehhotela uBertha Franklin, othi lo mculi ugqekeze ekamelweni lakhe ephuzile wazama ukumdlwengula.
Uhlobo olusemthethweni lokufa kosaziwayo kuwukubulala ngaphakathi kwemingcele yokuzivikela okudingekayo. Nokho, izihlobo zenqaba ukwamukela leli “qiniso”. Kwaba namahlebezi emaphephandabeni okuthi uSam wabulawa ngenxa yezizathu zokucwasa. Ngakho-ke, umngane kaCook, kanye nozakwabo wesikhashana esiteji, u-Etta James, owabona isidumbu sikaSam, wathi wabona imihuzuko eminingi nemihuzuko emzimbeni wakhe, okwakungabonisi ukuthi udutshulwe "nje".
Izinkumbulo zikaSam Cooke
Ngemva kokufa kwesithombe sezigidi, u-Otis Redding waqala ukumboza izingoma zomculo we-repertoire yakhe. Abathandi bomculo babone kumculi osemusha indlalifa yokudala ka-Sam Cooke.
Ezinye zezingoma zikaSam zenziwe ngu-Aretha Franklin, The Supremes, The Animals kanye ne-The Rolling Stones, umlingisi wakhe u-Bobby Womack.
Ngenkathi kwakhiwa i-Rock and Roll Hall of Fame maphakathi nawo-1980, kwamenyezelwa ukuthi osaziwayo abathathu ekuqaleni bazoba sohlwini lokuhlonishwa, okungu-Elvis Presley, Buddy Holly noSam Cooke. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990, lo mculi waklonyeliswa ngokufa kwakhe ngendondo ye-Grammy Award yokuthuthukisa umphefumulo.
Izingoma zomculo zomculi zivame ukuzwakala emicimbini enesizotha yomphakathi wase-Afrika waseMelika. Emlandweni, uSam Cooke usengomunye wabasunguli besitayela somphefumulo. Igama lakhe lihambisana namagama ayisakhiwo sodumo afana noRay Charles noJames Brown. Izinkanyezi ze-rock ezifana noMichael Jackson, uRod Stewart, u-Otis Redding, u-Al Green bakhuluma ngethonya lomculi emsebenzini wabo.
