Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi obani ama-Sex Pistols - laba ngabaculi bokuqala baseBrithani be-punk rock. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-The Clash ingummeleli ogqamile futhi ophumelele kakhulu we-British punk rock efanayo.
Kusukela ekuqaleni, ibhendi yayisivele yacwengwa kakhulu ngokomculo, yandisa i-hard rock ne-roll yayo nge-reggae ne-rockabilly.
Ibhendi ibusiswe ngempumelelo, ngokuba nababhali bezingoma ababili abakhethekile kunqolobane yabo - uJoe Strummer noMick Jones. Bobabili abaculi babe nezwi elihle kakhulu, elibuye libe nomthelela omuhle empumelelweni yeqembu.
Iqembu le-Clash lazibeka kakhulu njengabavukeli, abavukeli. Ngenxa yalokho, abaculi bathole abalandeli abanothando nhlangothi zombili ze-Atlantic.
Nakuba ngokushesha baba amaqhawe e-rock and roll e-UK, okwesibili ngemuva kwe-The Jam ngokuduma.
Kuthathe abaculi iminyaka eminingana ukuthi "bangene" ebhizinisini lombukiso laseMelika. Lapho benza lokhu ngo-1982, bawaqhumisa wonke amashadi esikhathini esingangezinyanga.
I-Clash ayizange ibe yisihlabani ababefuna ukuba yiso. Kodwa-ke, abaculi bathambekele ku-rock and roll kanye nokubhikisha.
Umlando wokudalwa kwe-The Clash
I-Clash, eyayihlala icula mayelana nenguquko kanye nesigaba sabasebenzi, yayinomsuka we-rock wendabuko ngendlela emangalisayo. UJoe Strummer (uJohn Graham Mellor) (owazalwa ngo-Agasti 21, 1952) wachitha isikhathi esiningi sobuntwana bakhe esikoleni okuhlalwa kuso.
Ngesikhathi esanda kweva eminyakeni engu-20, wayesanda kuzulazula emigwaqweni yaseLondon futhi wenza iqembu lomculo lomculo elibizwa ngokuthi i-101's endaweni yokucima ukoma.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, uMick Jones (owazalwa zingama-26 kuJuni 1955) wayephambili kweqembu le-hard rock yaseLondon SS. Ngokungafani no-Strummer, uJones wayevela kusizinda sabasebenzi e-Brixton.
Lapho esemncane, wayengumdlali we-rock and roll, enza i-London SS ngenhloso yokuphindaphinda umsindo onzima wamaqembu afana ne-Mott the Hoople kanye ne-Faces.
Umngani kaJones ebuntwaneni uPaul Simonon (owazalwa ngoDisemba 15, 1956) wajoyina ibhendi njenge-bassist ngo-1976. Ngemva kokulalela ama-Pistols ocansi; ungene esikhundleni sikaTony James, owajoyina iqembu iSigue Sigue Sputnik.
Ngemuva kokuhambela ingoma ebukhoma ye-Sex Pistols ekhonsathini, uJoe Strummer wanquma ekuqaleni kuka-1976 ukuhlakaza ama-101's ukuze aphishekele isiqondiso somculo esisha nesiqinile.
Ushiye ibhendi ngaphambi nje kokukhishwa kwengoma yabo yokuqala ethi Keys to Your Heart. Ekanye nomshayi wesigingci uKeith Levene, uStrummer wajoyina iLondon SS eyakhiwe kabusha, manje eseyiqanjwe kabusha ngokuthi The Clash.
I-Debut ye-Clash
I-Clash yadlala umdlalo wayo wokuqala ehlobo lika-1976 isekela ama-Sex Pistols eLondon. U-Levine ushiye iqembu ngemuva nje kokuvela kwakhe.
Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, iqembu lomculo laqala uhambo lwalo lokuqala. I-Anarchy Tour Pistols, eyaqala ngasekupheleni kuka-1976, yayinamakhonsathi amathathu kuphela.
Nokho, ngesikhathi esifushane kangako, iqembu lakwazi ukuqeda inkontileka yabo yokuqala ngo-February 1977 nenkampani British CBS.
Iqembu liqophe i-albhamu yalo yokuqala phakathi nezimpelasonto ezintathu. Lapho ukuqoshwa sekuqediwe, uTerry Chimes washiya ibhendi kwathi u-Topper Headon wajoyina ibhendi njengomshayi wesigubhu.
Entwasahlobo, ingoma yokuqala yeqembu ethi The Clash White Riot kanye ne-albhamu eqanjwe ngegama lakhe yakhululwa yaba yimpumelelo enkulu futhi yathengiswa e-UK, yafinyelela inani eliphakeme kakhulu le-12 emashadini.
Uphiko lwaseMelika lwe-CBS lunqume ukuthi i-The Clash yayingafanele ukuzungezisa umsakazo, ngakho-ke banqume ukungayikhiphi i-albhamu.
I-White Riot Big Tour
Ukungeniswa kwerekhodi kube irekhodi elithengiswa kakhulu kunawo wonke. Ngokushesha ngemva kokukhishwa kwe-albhamu, ibhendi yaqala uhambo olubanzi lwe-White Riot olusekelwa i-The Jam kanye ne-Buzzcocks.
Umdlalo ophambili walolu hambo kube ikhonsathi e-Rainbow Theatre yase-London, lapho ibhendi yadayisa khona ngempela. Ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwe-White Riot, i-CBS ikhiphe ingoma ethi Remote Control ku-albhamu njengeyodwa. Ukuphendula, i-Clash iqophe Ukulawula Okuphelele ngesithonjana se-reggae u-Lee Perry.
Izinkinga nomthetho
Kuwo wonke u-1977, u-Strummer noJones babephuma bephuma ejele ngamacala ahlukahlukene amancane, ukusuka kokucekela phansi impahla kuye kokweba umcamelo.
Ngalesi sikhathi, uSimonon noKhidon baboshwa ngokudubula amajuba ngezikhali zomoya.
Isithombe se-Clash saqiniswa kakhulu yilezi zenzakalo, kodwa iqembu liphinde laqala ukubamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo emisebenzini yezenhlalo. Isibonelo, abaculi bacula ekhonsathini ye-Rock Against Racism.
Ingoma eyodwa ethi (White Man) In Hammersmith Palais, eyakhululwa ehlobo lika-1978, yabonisa ukwanda kokuqwashisa umphakathi kweqembu.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokuba ingoma eyodwa ifinyelele inombolo engu-32, i-The Clash yaqala umsebenzi ku-albhamu yabo yesibili. Umdidiyeli kwakunguSandy Perlman, owayekade eyi-Blue Öyster Cult.
U-Perlman ulethe ku-Nikeza 'Em Enough Rope umsindo ohlanzekile kodwa onamandla ohloselwe ukuthwebula yonke imakethe yaseMelika. Ngeshwa, "impumelelo" ayizange yenzeke - i-albhamu yafinyelela inombolo engu-128 kumashadi ase-US entwasahlobo ka-1979.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi irekhodi lalidume kakhulu e-UK, liqala phezulu emashadini.
Asihambe siyovakasha!
Ekuqaleni kuka-1979, iThe Clash yaqala uhambo lwayo lokuqala lwaseMelika, iPearl Harbor '79.
Ngalelo hlobo, ibhendi yakhipha i-EP yase-UK okuwukuphela kwayo, The Cost of Living, eyayihlanganisa nenguqulo yekhava ka-Bobby Fuller Four I Fought the Law ("Ngawulwela Umthetho").
Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwehlobo kamuva kwe-The Clash in America, ibhendi yaqala ukuvakasha kwesibili e-US, yaqasha uMickey Gallagher we-Ian Dury & Blockheads njengomdlali wekhibhodi.
Kokubili uhambo lokuqala nolwesibili lwase-U.S. nge-The Clash luphinde lwafaka abaculi be-R&B abafana no-Bo Diddley, u-Sam & Dave, u-Lee Dorsey no-Screamin' Jay Hawkins, kanye nomculi wezwe u-Joe Ely nebhendi ye-punk rockabilly i-Cramps. .
ILondon iyafona
Ukukhethwa kwamaciko ayisivakashi kubonise ukuthi i-The Clash ibikwi-rock 'n' roll yakudala kanye nazo zonke izinganekwane zayo. Lolu thando yilona olwabagqugquzela ukuthi benze i-albhamu ephindwe kabili ethi London Calling.
Ididiyelwe ngu-Guy Stevens, owake wasebenza no-Mott the Hoople, i-albhamu izishaya isifuba ngezitayela ezahlukene kusukela ku-rockabilly ne-R&B kuya ku-rock ne-reggae.
I-albhamu ephindwe kabili yathengiswa ngentengo yerekhodi elilodwa, okuyinto, ngokuqinisekile, yaba nomthelela omuhle ekuthandeni kwayo. Irekhodi likhishwe okokuqala kunombolo 9 e-UK ngasekupheleni kuka-1979 futhi lafinyelela inani eliphakeme kunombolo 27 e-US entwasahlobo ka-1980.
Sandinista!
I-Clash yazungeza i-US, UK kanye ne-Europe ngempumelelo ekuqaleni kwawo-1980.
Ehlobo, ibhendi yakhipha ingoma eyodwa ethi Bankrobber, abaculi abayiqopha kanye no-DJ Mikey Dread. Ingoma yayihloselwe izilaleli zesiDashi kuphela.
Ngokuwa, inkampani yase-UK ye-CBS yaphoqeleka ukuthi ikhulule eyodwa ngenxa yesidingo esithandwayo. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, ibhendi yahambela eNew York ukuyoqala inqubo enzima futhi ende yokuqopha ukulandelana kwe-London Calling.
I-EP yase-US ikhishwe ngoNovemba enesihloko esithi Black Market Clash. Ngenyanga elandelayo, irekhodi laqoshwa yi-albhamu yesine yeqembu, i-Sandinista!, eyakhishwa kanyekanye e-US nase-UK.
Ukusabela okubucayi ku-albhamu kwaxutshwa, nabagxeki baseMelika basabela kahle kunozakwabo baseBrithani.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izethameli zeqembu e-UK zehle kancane - iSandinista! kwakuyirekhodi lokuqala leqembu ukuthengisa kangcono e-US kunase-UK.
Ngemuva kokuchitha isikhathi esiningi se-1981 ohambweni, i-The Clash yanquma ukuqopha i-albhamu yabo yesihlanu nomdidiyeli uGlyn Jones. Lona ngumkhiqizi wangaphambili we-The Rolling Stones, The Who noLed Zeppelin.
U-Headon ushiye iqembu ngemuva nje kokuphela kwamaseshini. Esitatimendeni esithunyelwe kwabezindaba kuthiwa uvalelise eqenjini ngenxa yokungaboni ngaso linye kwezepolitiki. Kamuva kwavela ukuthi ukuhlukana kwakhe kwakungenxa yokusebenzisa kwakhe izidakamizwa kakhulu.
Ibhendi ithathe indawo kaHeadon nomshayi wesigubhu omdala, uTerry Chimes. Ukukhishwa kwe-albhamu ethi Combat Rock kwenzeka entwasahlobo. I-albhamu ibe yi-albhamu ephumelele kakhulu ye-The Clash.
Ingene kumashadi ase-UK kunombolo 2 futhi yashaya kwabayishumi abahamba phambili kumashadi ase-US ekuqaleni kuka-1983 ngengoma eyashisa izikhotha ethi Rock the Casbah.
Ekwindla ka-1982, i-The Clash yadlala no-The Who ohambweni lwabo lokuvalelisa.
Ukushona kwelanga komsebenzi ophumelelayo
Yize i-The Clash yayisezingeni eliphezulu kwezohwebo ngo-1983, iqembu laqala ukuhlukana.
Entwasahlobo, uChimes washiya ibhendi wathathelwa indawo uPete Howard, owayeyilungu leCold Fish. Ehlobo, ibhendi yaba nesihloko soMkhosi WaseMelika eCalifornia. Lokhu kwaba ukubukeka kwabo okukhulu kokugcina.
NgoSepthemba, u-Joe Strummer no-Paul Simonon baxosha uMick Jones ngoba "ewushiyile umbono wokuqala weClash". UJones wenze iBig Audio Dynamite ngonyaka olandelayo. Ngaleso sikhathi, iThe Clash yaqasha abadlali besiginci uVince White noNick Sheppard.
Ngo-1984, iqembu lavakashela eMelika naseYurophu, "lihlola" uhlelo olusha. Iqembu elivuselelwe i-The Clash likhiphe i-albhamu yalo yokuqala, ethi, Cut the Crap, ngoNovemba. I-albhamu ihlangabezane nezibuyekezo ezingezinhle nezentengiso.
Ekuqaleni kuka-1986, uStrummer noSimonon banquma ukulihlakaza unomphela leli qembu. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, uSimonon wasungula iqembu le-rock Havana 3 AM. Ukhiphe i-albhamu eyodwa kuphela ngo-1991, ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-albhamu agxile ekupendeni.
Khona-ke umculi waba nesithakazelo ebhayisikobho, ebonakala ku-Alex Cox ethi "Straight to Hell" (1986) kanye nethi "Mystery Train" kaJim Jarmusch (1989).
UStrummer ukhiphe i-albhamu eyedwa ethi Earthquake Weather ngo-1989. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, wajoyina i-The Pogues njengomshayi wesigqi sokuvakasha kanye nomculi wezwi. Ngo-1991, wangena ngokuthula emthunzini.
IHholo Lodumo
Ibhendi yangeniswa e-Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ngoNovemba 2002, yaze yahlela ukuphinde ihlangane. Nokho leli qembu belingahlosile ukuthola ithuba lesibili. U-Strummer washona ngokuzumayo ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo azalwa naye ngoDisemba 22, 2002.
Eminyakeni eyishumi eyalandela, uJones noSimonon bebekhuthele endimeni yomculo. UJones ukhiqize womabili ama-albhamu eqembu le-rock elidumile i-Libertines, kwathi u-Simonon wabambisana no-Blur's (Damon Albarn).
Ngo-2013, ibhendi yamemezela ukukhululwa kwephrojekthi enkulu yokugcina umlando ebizwa ngokuthi iSound System. Kuhlanganisa ukwenziwa kabusha okusha kwama-albhamu okuqala amahlanu eqembu, ama-CD amathathu engeziwe angavamile, ama-single namademo, kanye ne-DVD.
Kanye nesethi yebhokisi, kwakhululwa inhlanganisela entsha, ethi The Clash Hits Back.
