Ambalwa amabhendi e-rock ne-roll agcwele impikiswano efana ne-The Who.
Wonke amalungu amane ayenobuntu obuhluke kakhulu, njengoba imidlalo yawo ebukhoma eyayidume kabi yayibonisa - uKeith Moon wake wawela phezu kwekhithi yakhe yesigubhu, futhi bonke abanye abaculi babevame ukungqubuzana esiteji.
Yize kuthathe isikhathi ukuthi ibhendi ithole izethameli zayo, ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960 i-The Who yancintisana neRolling Stones kukho kokubili ukusebenza okubukhoma nokuthengiswa kwe-albhamu.
Ibhendi iqhumise i-rock yomdabu kanye ne-R&B ngeziginci ezinomsindo ze-Townsend, imigqa yebhesi ephansi nesheshayo ye-Entwistle kanye nezigubhu ezinomdlandla nezinesiphithiphithi zeNyanga.
Ngokungafani namabhendi amaningi e-rock, i-The Who esekelwe isigqi sawo kusiginci, okuvumela iNyanga ne-Entwistle ukuthi zithuthuke njalo kuyilapho u-Daltrey ecula izingoma.
Ubani ophumelele ukwenza lokhu bukhoma, kodwa kwavela esinye isiphakamiso ekurekhodweni: I-Townsend iqhamuke nombono wokufaka ubuciko be-pop nezingcezu zemiqondo ku-repertoire yeqembu.
Ubethathwa njengomunye wababhali bezingoma baseBrithani abahamba phambili bangaleso sikhathi, njengoba izingoma ezifana nethi The Kids Are Alright nethi My Generation zaba amaculo entsha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-opera yakhe ye-rock u-Tommy yazuza inhlonipho kubagxeki bomculo ababalulekile.
Kodwa-ke, bonke abanye be-The Who, ikakhulukazi u-Entwistle no-Daltrey, bebengazimisele njalo ukulandela ubuciko bakhe bomculo. Babefuna ukudlala i-hard rock esikhundleni sezingoma zikaTownsend.
I-Who yazisungula njengama-rockers maphakathi nawo-1970, iqhubeka nale ndlela ngemva kokushona kweNyanga ngo-1978. Noma kunjalo, ekuphakameni kwabo, The Who were one of the rock's most innovative and powerful bands.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-The Who
U-Townsend no-Entwistle bahlangana ngenkathi befunda esikoleni esiphakeme e-London's Shepherd's Bush. Njengentsha, badlala eqenjini iDixieland. Lapho u-Etwist eshaya icilongo kwathi u-Townsend wadlala ibhanjo.
Umsindo webhendi wakhula ngokushesha ngaphansi kwethonya labaculi baseMelika kuphela, kodwa nabaculi abaningana baseBrithani.
Lokhu kulandelwe wushintsho egameni leqembu. Abafana babedinga okuthile okuthakazelisa kakhulu kunoDixieland, ngakho bahlala ku-The Who.
Ibhendi idlale umculo ohlanganisa i-soul ne-R&B ngokuphelele, noma njengoba wawubhalwe kumaphosta abo: Ubuningi be-R&B.
Isiginci sokuqala esaphukile eqenjini iZe Hu
U-Townsend wake waphihliza isiginci sakhe sokuqala ngephutha ekhonsathini e-Railway Hotel. Ukwazile ukuqeda lolu hlelo nge-Rickenbacker enezintambo ezingu-12 esanda kuthengwa.
U-Townsend wathola ngesonto elilandelayo ukuthi abantu babeze ngqo ukuzombona ephihliza isiginci sakhe.
Ekuqaleni, uLambert noStamp bashaqeka ngokuthi i-Townsend iphinde yabhubhisa esinye isiginci njengengxenye yomkhankaso wokukhangisa. Nokho, ngalezo zinsuku wayengaziphuli iziginci kuwo wonke umbukiso.
Angikwazi Ukuchaza
Ngasekupheleni kuka-1964, i-Townsend yanikeza iqembu iculo lokuqala elithi, Angikwazi Ukulichaza, elalikweleta i-The Kinks kanye neculo labo elithi You Really Got Me. Izingoma zika-Townsend zenze umxhwele kakhulu entsheni, ngenxa yamazwi anamandla ka-Daltrey.
Ngemuva kokuthi iqembu lenze kahle ohlelweni lwethelevishini i-Ready, Steady, Go, lapho i-Townsend ne-Moon becekele phansi izinsimbi zabo, ingoma ethi Angikwazi Ukuchaza yafinyelela kumaNgisi. E-UK, ubephakathi kwabayishumi abahamba phambili.
Ekuqaleni kuka-1966, i-Substitute eyodwa yaba ingoma yabo yesine ye-UK Top XNUMX. I-single ekhiqizwe nguKeith Lambert iphawule ukuphela kwenkontileka ka-Decca/Brunswick yase-UK.
Iqala ngo-Suba, ibhendi isayine nePolydor eNgilandi. I'm a Boy, eyakhishwa ehlobo lika-1966, kwakuyi-The Who's yokuqala engashadile ngaphandle kokukhishwa kwe-Decca/Brunswick, futhi yabonisa ukuthi iqembu lase lihambe ibanga elingakanani ezinyangeni ezingu-18.
Umlando wase-United States wawuhluke kakhulu. Lezi zingoma azizange zibe yimpumelelo naphezu kwezikhangiso ezivela endaweni kamabonakude ye-ABC ye-rock and roll Shindig.
Impumelelo eBrithani yayinkulu, kodwa yayinganele. Ukuphihlizwa kwezinsimbi ezibukhoma kanye nemiphumela ehambisana nayo bekubiza kakhulu, ngakho-ke ibhendi yayinezikweletu ezingapheli.
I-albhamu yesibili
U-Townsend ubhale iculo lesihloko se-albhamu njenge-opera encane yemizuzu eyishumi. Osheshayo Ngenkathi Engekho indalo ka-Townsend ehamba ngale kwe-rock and roll.
Eyodwa yayine-aura ethile ye-opera ne-rock, nakuba ibhendi ngokwayo yathola ukuqashelwa okuncane ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngemuva kokukhululwa kwayo ngo-1966, i-A Quick One yaba enye ingoma yaseBrithani futhi yanikeza "impumelelo" encane yaseMelika.
Idlala ngamasethi amafushane kahlanu ngosuku, iqembu lidale umthelela odingekayo emphakathini jikelele. Ingqophamlando yabo elandelayo yase-US kwaba wumdlalo we-albhamu ye-Fillmore East e-San Francisco.
Ngenxa yalokhu, abaculi babe nenkinga. Amakhonsathi ane-albhamu edlule abemude kakhulu, imizuzu eyi-15-20 yayanele. Kodwa-ke, amasethi abo ajwayelekile emizuzu engama-40 abonakale emfushane kakhulu e-Fillmore East.
Encwadini kaRichard Barnes ethi Maximum R&B, kwashiwo ukuthi ukuze isethi yabo ihlale isikhathi eside, abaculi kufanele bafunde wonke ama-mini-opera abangawaculanga bukhoma.
Ngemuva kwekhonsathi ye-albhamu entsha, ngoJuni 1967, badlale umdlalo wabo obaluleke kakhulu waseMelika, iMonterey International Pop Festival, lapho babhekane khona noJimi Hendrix ukuze babheje ababengaqeda isethi yabo ngobuhlakani obukhulu.
U-Hendrix uphumelele ngokudlala kwakhe okushisayo, kodwa i-The Who yenza kahle ngokucekela phansi izinsimbi zabo ngendlela eyisimanga.
Concept work Who Sell Out
I-Who Sell Out i-albhamu yomqondo kanye nendelelo eziteshini zomsakazo zamasela e-England ezavalwa ngenxa yokucindezela kukahulumeni.
Ibhendi yenza umsebenzi wayo omuhle kakhulu kule albhamu ukuze iqinise isikhundla sayo e-England futhi ekugcineni ithathe imakethe yase-US nge-I Can See for Miles.
Ukudlala kuka-Daltrey bekungcono kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe kuze kube manje, kusekelwe isigingci sika-Townsend esishisayo, i-Moon's frenetic drumming kanye ne-bass eqinile ka-Entwistle.
Ukuthola lo msindo kuthathe umsebenzi omningi kuma-studio amathathu ahlukene, emazwenikazi amabili nasezigwini ezimbili.
Ingoma bekunzima ukuyicula kangangoba kwaba yiyona kuphela ingoma abangafuni ukuyidlala bukhoma. I-single ifinyelele kwabayishumi abahamba phambili eMelika futhi yafinyelela endaweni yesibili eNgilandi.
Ukunqoba okuqinisekile kweMelika
U-Tommy wakhululwa ngoMeyi 1969, ngaphezu konyaka nesigamu ngemuva kokuthi The Who Sell Out. Futhi ngokokuqala ngqa, izinkanyezi ziklelile ukuze zisebenzisane neqembu. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi e-United States.
U-Tommy wenze i-US Top Ten njengoba ibhendi isekela i-albhamu ngohambo olude. I-Who's Next tour yenza ibhendi yaba ngenye yezindawo ezimbili ezihamba phambili eziheha ama-rock emhlabeni kanye ne-Rolling Stones. Kungazelelwe, indaba yabo yadonsa ukunaka kwezigidi zabalandeli.
I-Quadrophenia i-albhamu ephindwe kabili nokuhlukana kwebhendi
Ngokukhululwa kwe-Quadrophenia, ibhendi yayeka ukusebenza noKeith Lambert, owayengasenalo ithonya eqenjini. U-Entwistle wethule umsebenzi wakhe eyedwa nge-Smash Your Head Against the Wall.
I-albhamu ephindwe kabili ethi Quadrophenia ithengiswe kahle kakhulu, kodwa ibonakale iyisiqephu esibukhoma esinzima ngoba bekunzima ukuyidlala bukhoma.
Iqembu laqala ukuwa ngemuva kokukhululwa kwe-Quadrophenia. Esidlangalaleni, uTownsend wayekhathazekile ngendima yakhe njengomkhulumeli womculo we-rock, futhi ngasese wacwila ophuzweni oludakayo.
U-Entwistle ugxile emsebenzini wakhe eyedwa, okuhlanganisa nokuqoshwa namaphrojekthi akhe aseceleni u-Ox noRigor Mortis.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, u-Daltrey wayesefinyelele umvuthwandaba wamakhono akhe - waba umculi odumile futhi waphumelela ngokumangalisayo njengomdlali.
Inyanga yangena kuzo zonke izinkinga ezinkulu, isebenzisa izinto ezithinta ingqondo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, u-Townsend usebenze ezingomeni ezintsha, okwaholela emsebenzini wakhe eyedwa wango-1975, othi, The Who By Numbers.
I-The Who yahlangana kabusha ekuqaleni kuka-1978 ukuze iqophe ukuthi Ungubani. Lo msebenzi ube yimpumelelo enkulu, wafinyelela endaweni yesibili kumashadi ase-US.
Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sokuba imbuyekezo yokunqoba, i-albhamu yaba uphawu lwenhlekelele - ngo-September 7, 1978, uMoon wabulawa ukweqisa izidakamizwa.
Njengoba ayeyingxenye ebalulekile yomsindo nesithombe sika-The Who, ibhendi yayingazi ukuthi yini okumele iyenze ngokulandelayo. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, leli qembu laqasha isigubhu seSmall Faces uKenny Jones esikhundleni sakhe saqala ukusebenza ezintweni ezintsha ngo-1979.
Okunye ukuhlukana kweqembu
Ngemva kwekhonsathi eCincinnati, ibhendi yaqala ukuhlakazeka kancane kancane. U-Townsend waba umlutha we-cocaine, i-heroin, i-tranquilizers, kanye notshwala, wabhekana nomthamo oweqile ocishe wabulala ngo-1981.
Ngaleso sikhathi, u-Entwistle noDaltrey baqhubeka nomsebenzi wabo wedwa. Leli qembu liphinde lahlangana ngo-1981 ukuze liqophe i-albhamu yalo yokuqala kusukela kwashona uNyanga, i-Face Dances, ukuze libe nezibuyekezo ezixubile.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, i-The Who yakhipha ethi It's Hard futhi yaqala uhambo lwayo lokugcina. Nokho, uhambo lokuvalelisa empeleni bekungelona uhambo lokuvalelisa. Ibhendi yaphinde yahlangana ukuze idlale i-Live Aid ngo-1985.
I-The Who iphinde yahlangana ngo-1994 ngamakhonsathi amabili egubha iminyaka engu-50 ka-Daltrey.
Ehlobo lika-1997, ibhendi yaqala uhambo lwaseMelika, olunganakwa ngabezindaba. Ngo-Okthoba 2001, ibhendi yadlala "Ikhonsathi yaseNew York" yemindeni yezisulu zokuhlaselwa kwe-11/XNUMX.
Ekupheleni kukaJuni 2002, i-The Who yayizoqala uhambo lwaseNyakatho Melika lapho u-Entwistle eshona kungazelelwe eneminyaka engu-57 e-Hard Rock Hotel e-Las Vegas.
Ngo-2006, u-Townsend noDaltrey bakhiphe i-mini-opera Wire & Glass (ukubambisana kwabo kokuqala eminyakeni engama-20).
Ngomhla ziyisi-7 kuZibandlela wezi-2008, emcimbini owawuseWashington, D.C., i-Townsend kanye ne-Daltrey bathola i-Kennedy Center Honours ngeminikelo yabo yokuphila konke esikweni laseMelika.
