Tikhon Khrennikov - Umqambi waseSoviet kanye Russian, umculi, uthisha. Phakathi nomsebenzi wakhe omude wokudala, i-maestro yaqamba ama-opera amaningi afanelekayo, ama-ballet, ama-symphonies, namakhonsathi wezinsimbi. Abalandeli nabo bayamkhumbula njengombhali womculo wamafilimu.
Ubuntwana nobusha bukaTikhon Khrennikov
Wazalwa ekuqaleni kukaJune 1913. UTikhon wazalelwa emndenini omkhulu. Abazali bakhe babekude nobuchwepheshe bokudala. Wakhulela emndenini kamabhalane womthengisi kanye nomama wekhaya ojwayelekile.
Inhloko yomndeni ayizange ibukele phansi imfundo. Emndenini wakwaKhrennikov, ukunakwa okukhethekile kwakhokhelwa umculo. Futhi nakuba uyise wayekude nobuciko, wayekhuthaza umculo. Ngokwesibonelo, uTikhon wayekwazi ukudlala izinsimbi zomculo eziningana. Phakathi neminyaka yakhe yesikole, le nsizwa yafakwa ohlwini lwekhwaya yendawo.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, u-Khrennikov Jr. wakhangwa ukuthuthukiswa. Waqamba izifundo zakhe zokuqala esemusha. Kusukela kulesi sikhathi, ukwakheka Tikhon njengoba umqambi iqala.
Ngokushesha wathola ukubonisana noMikhail Gnesin ngokwakhe. Wakwazi ukuhlukanisa ithalente eTikhon. I-maestro incoma ukuthi umfana aqede isikole samabanga aphezulu, bese kuphela eqhubeka nokungena eMoscow Conservatory. Ngalesi sikhathi, uKhrennikov walalela izingoma zasendulo zaseRussia.
Tikhon Khrennikov: ukuqeqeshwa at Gnesinka
Tikhon walalela iseluleko abanamakhono Mikhail Gnesin, futhi ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni, wangena esikoleni somculo. Ngemva kwalokho, wabhaliswa endaweni yokugcina izingane enhloko-dolobha, lapho athola khona ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokufunda nothisha abanolwazi. Eminyakeni yakhe yokufunda, uqala ukusebenza endaweni yaseshashalazini yezingane.
Ngonyaka wakhe wokugcina, uKhrennikov unikeza othisha i-symphony yokuqala, engahlukaniswa njengomsebenzi wochwepheshe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukwakheka komculo kwaduma hhayi kuphela endaweni yeSoviet Union. I-symphony yangena ku-repertoire yabaqhubi abavelele abavela eMelika.
U-Tikhon wethula i-symphony njengomsebenzi wakhe wokuthweswa iziqu. Okuwukuphela kwakhe owanikeza uKhrennikov uphawu "elihle kakhulu" ekuhlolweni kwakunguSergei Prokofiev.
Umqambi ngokwakhe wabala ukuthola idiploma ebomvu. Ubengalindele kumamaki ekhomishini angaphansi kuka-"5". Ngemva kokuba imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwaziwa nguye, wamemezela ukuthi ngeke ayithole idiploma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, umkhandlu wezemfundo we-conservatory wacubungula udaba lomfundi. Nangempela wasishiya i-conservatory, ephethe idiploma ebomvu ezandleni zakhe.
Indlela yokudala Tikhon Khrennikov
Inani eliphakeme lokuthandwa komqambi lafika maphakathi nawo-30s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, waba omunye umpetha edume kakhulu eSoviet Union. UTikhon wavakashela kakhulu, wanikeza amakhonsathi futhi wafundisa.
Ngokushesha wahlela ikhonsathi yepiyano yokukhiqizwa kwethiyetha ethi Much Ado About Nothing. Ubuye agcwalise kabusha i-repertoire ngemisebenzi emisha yomculo.
Ekupheleni kwawo-30, i-premiere ye-debut opera yenzeke. Sikhuluma ngomsebenzi womculo othi "Into the Storm". Isici esiyinhloko se-opera ethulwa kwakuwukubukeka kukaVladimir Lenin kuwo.
Isikhathi sempi se-Khrennikov saphawulwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okuningi ekudaleni. Waqhubeka ekhuthele. Ngalesi sikhathi, ikakhulukazi uqamba izingoma. Bese kuvela i-symphony yesibili. Ekuqaleni, wahlela ukuthi lo msebenzi uzoba iculo lentsha, kodwa iMpi Yezwe Yesibili yenza izinguquko zayo.
Umsebenzi wakhe wakuveza kahle lokho iziphathimandla nezakhamuzi ezivamile zaseSoviet Union ezazizizwa ngesikhathi sempi. Imisebenzi yakhe igcwele ithemba nokholo ekusaseni eliqhakazile.
Tikhon Khrennikov: imisebenzi ngemva kwempi
Iminyaka eminingi, i-maestro yasebenza njengenhloko ye-Union of Composers. Waba nelungelo lokuhambela imihlangano eminingi lapho amalungu e-Politburo anquma khona isiphetho sabantu abafayo. Umsebenzi kaTikhon kwakuwukuthola izimo ezingcono kakhulu zokuthuthukiswa kwabaqambi nabaculi.
Wayengumlandeli wombuso kaStalin. Wamsekela lapho "ehlasela" abaculi nabaqambi baseSoviet. Ngokuyinhloko, "uhlu olumnyama" lomholi lwaluhlanganisa abaculi be-avant-garde ababengahambisani nomqondo wobukhomanisi obukhanyayo.
Nokho, ezingxoxweni zakhe kamuva, umqambi ngazo zonke izindlela kungenzeka waphika ukuthi wayesekela uStalin. U-Tikhon wathi uyawuthanda umbono wamaKhomanisi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-maestro inemiklomelo eminingi yombuso nemiklomelo ku-arsenal yakhe.
U-Khrennikov naye waduma njengomqambi wefilimu. Ubhale amaphuzu omculo amafilimu angaphezu kuka-30. Ngama-70s, okwajabulisa abalandeli bakhe, waqamba ama-ballet amaningi.
Akazange awushiye umsebenzi wakhe kwaze kwaba sekugcineni. Ekhulwini elisha, waqhubeka nokuqamba ama-waltze nezingcezu ze-symphony orchestra. Imisebenzi yakamuva ihlanganisa umculo wefilimu ethi "Amaqabane Amabili" nochungechunge lwe-TV "Moscow Windows".
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu yomqambi
Naphezu kwesikhundla sakhe esiphakeme kanye nengcebo, wayenesizotha ngokwemvelo. U-Tikhon usevume kaningi ukuthi ungumuntu oyedwa. Ukuphila kwakhe konke wayehlala nowesifazane ongashadile, ogama lakhe linguClara Arnoldovna Waks.
Unkosikazi kaMaestro wazibona eseyintatheli. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngesikhathi abajwayelene nabo, uClara wayeshadile. Akunakushiwo ukuthi wayengajabuli nomyeni wakhe, kodwa uTikhon akazange alahle ithemba. Lona wesifazane wenqaba uKhrennikov isikhathi eside, kodwa akazange ayeke ukumnakekela futhi wathola indlela yakhe.
Wayengumnyuziyamu wakhe kanye nowesifazane oyinhloko. Wanikezela kuye ingoma ethi "Njenge-nightingale mayelana ne-rose". Lapho uClara elalela ukwakheka, akazange adumise, kodwa wagxeka i-maestro. Ngabo lobo busuku, wawubhala kabusha umsebenzi ukuze ubonakale uwumsebenzi wobuciko wangempela.
Badlala umshado omangalisayo, futhi ngokushesha emndenini wazalwa indodakazi, okuthiwa uNatasha. Ngendlela, naye walandela ezinyathelweni zikayise wokudala. UKhrennikov akakaze asindise umkakhe nendodakazi yakhe imali. Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, wayebageza ngezipho nangezinto ezibalulekile.
Ukufa kukaTikhon Khrennikov
Washona ngo-August 14, 2007. Wafa enhloko-dolobha yaseRussia. Imbangela yokufa kwaba ukugula isikhashana.
