Umqambi nombhidisi ohlakaniphile u-Antonio Salieri ubhale ama-opera angaphezu kuka-40 kanye nenani elibalulekile lezingoma zezwi nezinsimbi. Wabhala izingoma zomculo ngezilimi ezintathu.
Izinsolo zokuthi uhileleke ekubulaweni kukaMozart zaba isiqalekiso sangempela ku-maestro. Akazange alivume icala lakhe futhi wayekholelwa ukuthi lokhu kwakungeyona into engaphezu kokusungulwa kwabantu bakhe abanomona. Lapho esemtholampilo wezifo zengqondo, u-Antonio wazibiza ngombulali. Konke kwenzeka ku-delirium, ngakho-ke abaningi ababhala umlando wokuphila bakholelwa ukuthi u-Salieri akazange ahlanganyele ekubulaweni.
Ubuntwana nobusha bomqambi u-Antonio Salieri
I-maestro yazalwa ngo-August 18, 1750 emndenini omkhulu womthengisi ocebile. Esemncane, wabonisa isithakazelo emculweni. Umeluleki wokuqala kaSalieri kwakungumfowabo omdala uFrancesco, owathatha izifundo zomculo kuGiuseppe Tartini. Eseyingane, wayekwazi ukudlala ivayolini nesitho somzimba.
Ngo-1763, u-Antonio washiywa eyintandane. Umfana wayekhathazeke kakhulu ngokomzwelo ngokushona kwabazali bakhe. Ukugcinwa komfana kwathathwa ngabangane abaseduze bakayise - umndeni wakwaMocenigo waseVenice. Umkhaya wokutholwa wawuphila ngokucebile, ngakho wawukwazi ukuvumela u-Antonio aphile ntofontofo. Umndeni wakwaMocenigo ufake isandla emfundweni yomculo kaSalieri.
Ngo-1766, umqambi wenkantolo kaJoseph II uFlorian Leopold Gassmann wadonsela ukunaka kumculi osemusha onekhono. Wavakashela eVenice ngephutha futhi wanquma ukuthatha osemusha onethalente ahambe naye eVienna.
Wayenamathele esikhundleni somculi phakathi kwezindonga ze-opera yasenkantolo. UGassman akazange nje ahlanganyele emfundweni yomculo yesigceme sakhe, kodwa futhi wahlanganyela ekuthuthukisweni kwakhe okuphelele. Labo okwakudingeka bajwayelane noSalieri baphawula ukuthi wayenikeza umbono womuntu ohlakaniphe kakhulu.
UGassman waletha u-Antonio embuthanweni we-elite. Wamethula embongini edumile uPietro Metastasio noGluck. Abangane abasha bajulisa ulwazi lukaSalieri, ngenxa yalokho afinyelela ukuphakama okuthile ekwakheni umsebenzi womculo.
Ngemva kokufa okungalindelekile kukaGassmann, umfundi wakhe wathatha indawo yomqambi wenkantolo kanye nomphathi weqembu le-Opera yase-Italy. Ngemva konyaka nje, waqokwa njengebhendi yasenkantolo. Khona-ke lesi sikhundla sasibhekwa njengesihlonishwa kakhulu futhi esikhokhelwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu bokudala. EYurophu, uSalieri wayekhulunywa njengomunye wabaculi nabaqhubi abanamakhono kakhulu.
Indlela yokudala yomqambi u-Antonio Salieri
Ngokushesha uMaestro wethula i-opera ekhaliphile ethi "Abesifazane Abafundile" kubalandeli bomsebenzi wakhe. Yadlalwa eVienna ngo-1770. Indalo yamukelwe ngemfudumalo ngumphakathi. U-Salieri wawela ekudumeni. Ukwamukela okufudumele kwagqugquzela umqambi ukuthi aqambe ama-opera: i-Armida, iVenetian Fair, iThe Stolen Tub, uMphathi Wendlu yezihambi.
I-Armida iyi-opera yokuqala lapho u-Antonio aphumelela khona ekufezeni imiqondo eyinhloko yenguquko yokusebenza kaChristoph Gluck. Wabona uSalieri njengendlalifa yakhe futhi wayenethemba elikhulu ngaye.
Ngokushesha i-maestro yathola i-oda lokudala ukuphelezelwa komculo wokuvulwa kwemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseLa Scala. Umqambi wavumelana nesicelo, futhi ngokushesha wethula i-opera ethi Recognized Europe. Ngonyaka olandelayo, egunyazwe ngokukhethekile inkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseVenice, umqambi wethula enye yezincwadi ezigqame kakhulu. Sikhuluma nge-opera buffa "Isikole Somhawu".
Ngo-1776, kwaziwa ukuthi uJoseph wayevale i-Opera yase-Italy. Futhi wasekela i-opera yaseJalimane (Singspiel). I-opera yase-Italy yaqalwa kabusha kuphela ngemva kweminyaka engu-6.
KuSalieri, le minyaka yayihlushwa. I-maestro kwadingeka ishiye "indawo yokunethezeka". Kodwa kwakukhona inzuzo kulokhu - umsebenzi wokudala womqambi wadlulela ngalé kweVienna. Waba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni uhlobo olufana ne-singspiel. Ngalesi sikhathi, u-Antonio wabhala ingoma ethandwayo ethi "The Chimney Sweep".
I-Singspiel iwuhlobo lomculo nolumangalisayo olwalusabalala eJalimane nase-Austria engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-XNUMX nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX.
Ngalesi sikhathi, umphakathi wamasiko wawunentshisekelo ezingomeni zikaGluck. Wayekholelwa ukuthi uSalieri wayeyindlalifa efanelekayo. UGluck uncome u-Antonio kubaphathi bendlu ye-opera yaseLa Scala. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, wanikeza uSalieri umyalelo ovela eFrench Royal Academy of Music for the opera Danaids. Ekuqaleni uGluck kwakufanele abhale i-opera, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu zempilo akakwazanga ukuyenza. Ngo-1784, u-Antonio wethula umsebenzi emphakathini waseFrance, waba intandokazi kaMarie Antoinette.
isitayela somculo
AbakwaDanaids abakona ukulingisa uGluck. U-Salieri wakwazi ukudala isitayela sakhe somculo, esasisekelwe ekuhlukeni. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-symphony yakudala enezingoma ezifanayo yayingaziwa emphakathini.
Ku-opera eyethulwe nakule misebenzi elandelayo ka-Antonio Salieri, abahlaziyi bezobuciko baphawule ukucabanga okucacile kwe-symphonic. Yakha yonke into hhayi ezingxenyeni eziningi, kodwa kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kwemvelo kwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ngo-1786, enhloko-dolobha yaseFrance, i-maestro yaqala ukuxhumana noBeaumarchais. Wabelana noSalieri ngolwazi lwakhe lokuqamba kanye namakhono. Umphumela walobu bungane kwaba enye i-opera ekhaliphile kaSalieri. Sikhuluma ngomsebenzi odumile womculo "Tarar". Ukwethulwa kwe-opera kwenzeka eRoyal Academy of Music ngo-1787. Umbukiso ubangele isiphithiphithi. U-Antonio wayesezingeni eliphezulu lokuthandwa.
Ngo-1788, uMbusi uJoseph wathumela uKapellmeister Giuseppe Bonno ekuphumuleni okwakumfanele. U-Antonio Salieri uthathe isikhundla sakhe. UJoseph wayengumlandeli womsebenzi womqambi, ngakho ukuqokwa kwakhe kulesi sikhundla kwakulindeleke.
Lapho uJoseph efa, uLeopold II wathatha isikhundla sakhe, wagcina ithimba liseduze. ULeopold wayengathembi muntu futhi wayekholelwa ukuthi wayezungezwe abantu abayizimpumputhe. Lokhu kwaba nomthelela omubi emsebenzini kaSalieri. Abaculi babengavunyelwe eduze nombusi omusha. Ngokushesha uLeopold waxosha umqondisi weCourt Theatre, uCount Rosenberg-Orsini. USalieri wayelindele ukuthi naye enze okufanayo. Umbusi wakhulula u-Antonio kuphela emisebenzini ye-bandmaster ye-opera yase-Italy.
Ngemva kokufa kukaLeopold, isihlalo sobukhosi sathathwa yindlalifa yakhe - uFranz. Wayengawuthandi ngisho umculo. Kodwa noma kunjalo wayezidinga izinkonzo zika-Antonio. USalieri usebenze njengomhleli wemikhosi namaholide asenkantolo.
Iminyaka Emuva KaMaestro Antonio Salieri
U-Antonio ebusheni bakhe wazinikela ekudaleni. Ngo-1804, wethula umsebenzi womculo othi The Negroes, owathola ukubuyekezwa okungalungile kwabagxeki. Uhlobo lwe-singspiel nalo belupholile emphakathini. Manje wayesehileleke nakakhulu emisebenzini yezenhlalo neyokufundisa.
Kusukela ngo-1777 kuya ku-1819 USalieri wayengumqhubi waphakade. Futhi kusukela ngo-1788 waba inhloko ye-Vienna Musical Society. Umgomo oyinhloko womphakathi kwakuwukubamba amakhonsathi okusiza abafelokazi nezintandane zabaculi baseViennese. Lamakhonsathi ayegcwele umusa nesihe. Abaculi abadumile bajabulise izethameli ngokudlala izingoma ezintsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebenzi yokungafi yabanduleli bakaSalieri yayivame ukuzwakala ezenzweni zosizo.
U-Antonio wabamba iqhaza elikhulu kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ama-academy". Amakhonsathi anjalo ayenikezelwe kumculi othile. U-Antonio wabamba iqhaza "ezikoleni" njengomhleli nomqhubi.
Kusukela ngo-1813, uMaestro wayeyilungu lekomidi lenhlangano ye-Vienna Conservatory. Ngemva kweminyaka emine, wahola inhlangano eyayimele.
Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila komqambi yayigcwele okuhlangenwe nakho nokucindezeleka kwengqondo. Iqiniso liwukuthi wayesolwa ngokubulala uMozart. Waliphika icala lakhe wathi akahlangene nokufa komqambi wodumo. USalieri ucele umfundi wakhe u-Ignaz Moscheles ukuthi afakazele umhlaba wonke ukuthi akanacala.
Isimo sika-Antonio saba sibi nakakhulu ngemva kokuzama ukuzibulala. Bamyisa emtholampilo. Kuthiwa esikhungweni sezokwelapha wavuma ngamawala ngokubulala uMozart. La mahemuhemu akuyona inganekwane, athathwe ezincwadini zokubhalela zikaBeethoven zango-1823-1824.
Namuhla, ochwepheshe bayakungabaza ukuqashelwa kukaSalieri nokuthembeka kolwazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sekubekwe inguqulo yokuthi isimo sengqondo sika-Antonio sasingesona esingcono kakhulu. Ngokunokwenzeka, kwakungekona ukuvuma izono, kodwa ukuzigxeka ngokumelene nesizinda sempilo yengqondo ewohlokayo.
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu ye-maestro
Impilo yomuntu siqu ye-maestro ithuthuke ngempumelelo. Ubophe ifindo likasofasilahlane noTheresia von Helferstorfer. Umbhangqwana washada ngo-1775. Lo wesifazane wazala izingane ezingu-8.
Unkosikazi kaSalieri akazange abe ngowesifazane othandekayo kuphela, kodwa futhi waba umngane omkhulu nomnyuziyamu. Wakhonza uThearesia. U-Antonio washiya izingane ezine nomkakhe. Ukulahlekelwa komuntu siqu kwathinta isizinda sakhe esingokomzwelo.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngo-Antonio Salieri
- Wayethanda amaswidi nemikhiqizo kafulawa. U-Antonio wagcina i-naivety yakhe yobuntwana kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe. Mhlawumbe yingakho kungekho owayengakholwa ukuthi uyakwazi ukubulala.
- Ngenxa yokuzikhandla nokusebenza kwansuku zonke, i-maestro yayikhiqiza.
- Bathi uSalieri akanawo umona. Usize abantu abasha nabanekhono bathuthukise ulwazi lwabo futhi bathole izikhundla ezinhle.
- Wachitha isikhathi esiningi ku-charity.
- Ngemva kokuba uPushkin ebhale umsebenzi othi "Mozart noSalieri", umhlaba waqala ukusola u-Antonio ngokubulala ngokuzethemba okukhulu nakakhulu.
Ukufa komqambi
I-maestro edumile yafa ngoMeyi 7, 1825. Umngcwabo wenziwa ngoMeyi 10 emathuneni amaKhatholika aseMatzleindorf eVienna. Ngo-1874, izinsalela zomqambi zangcwatshwa kabusha emathuneni aseVienna Central.
