I-Giuseppe Verdi iyigugu langempela lase-Italy. Imvubelo yokuduma kwe-maestro yayingekhulu le-XNUMX. Ngenxa yemisebenzi ye-Verdi, abalandeli bomculo we-classical bangajabulela imisebenzi emihle ye-operatic.
Imisebenzi yomqambi yayibonisa inkathi. Ama-opera we-maestro abe yingqophamlando hhayi kuphela yesiNtaliyane, kodwa futhi nomculo womhlaba. Namuhla, ama-opera ahlakaniphile ka-Giuseppe adlalwa ezigabeni zetiyetha ezihamba phambili.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Wazalelwa edolobhaneni laseLe Roncole, elingekude nedolobha lesifundazwe iBusseto. Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kukaVerdi, le ndawo yayiyingxenye yoMbuso WaseFrance.
I-maestro yazalwa ngo-Okthoba 10, 1813. UVerdi wakhulela emndenini ojwayelekile. Inhloko yomndeni yayinethaveni encane, kanti unina wayephethe isikhundla sokuba yispinner.
Wayewuthanda umculo kusukela esemncane. Umfana wabonisa isithakazelo esikhulu ezinsimbini zomculo. Lapho umndeni usukwazi ukuthengela indodana yawo insimbi, wayinika umgogodla.
Ngokushesha umfana waqala ukufunda notation zomculo. U-Verdi wafunda yedwa, njengoba abazali bakhe babengenakukwazi ukuqasha uthisha womculo. Wabe esesebenza esontweni lendawo. Lapho wafunda ukudlala isitho somzimba. Umculo kaVerdi wawufundiswa umfundisi wendawo.
Wathola isikhundla sakhe sokuqala eneminyaka engu-11. Insizwa ethile enekhono yathola umsebenzi wokuba umshayi womculo. Yabe imoyizela inhlanhla. Wabonwa umthengisi ocebile. Le ndoda yawathanda amakhono omculo alo mfana futhi yathembisa ukumkhokhela izindleko zokufunda. U-Verdi wathuthela endlini yomphathi wakhe. Umthengisi, njengoba wayethembisile, wamkhokhela uthisha ongcono kakhulu edolobheni. Wabe esethumela ukuyofunda eMilan.
Lapho efika eMilan, izinto zokuzilibazisa zikaVerdi zanda. Manje waqala ukufunda hhayi kuphela umculo, kodwa futhi izincwadi zakudala. Wayethanda ukufunda izincwadi zokungafi zikaGoethe, uDante noShakespeare.
Indlela yokudala nomculo womqambi u-Giuseppe Verdi
Akakwazanga ukungena eMilan Conservatory. Akazange abhalise esikhungweni semfundo, ngoba izinga lokudlala upiyano lakhe lalingekho phezulu ngokwanele. Futhi iminyaka yomfana ayizange ihlangabezane nezindinganiso ezisungulwe ukubhaliswa esikhungweni semfundo.
Insizwa yayingafuni ukukhaphela iphupho layo. Ngalesi sikhathi, wathatha izifundo zangasese kuthisha owamfundisa izisekelo zokuphikisa. UGiuseppe wavakashela izindlu ze-opera ngesikhathi sakhe samahhala, futhi waxhumana nabantu abanomqondo ofanayo. Khona-ke u-Verdi waba yingxenye ye-Custom beau monde yaseMilan. Wayefuna ukudidiyela umculo weshashalazi.
Lapho uGiuseppe ebuyela ezweni lakubo elingokomlando, u-Barezzi wahlela umdlalo wokuqala womphakathi womlandeli wakhe. U-Antonio wahlanganisa abantu abaningi abadumile. Ukusebenza kwe-maestro kwenza izilaleli zathakazelisa ngempela.
U-Antonio wabe esemmema ukuba afundise indodakazi yakhe uMargherita umculo. Akugcinanga nje ngokufundiswa komculo. Kwavela ukuzwelana phakathi komculi nentombazane encane, eyakhula yaba uthando olunezivunguvungu.
Umqambi akazange akhohlwe ukugcwalisa repertoire ngemisebenzi emisha. Ungqondongqondo ubhale izingoma ezimfishane kuphela. Wabe esethula phambi komphakathi umsebenzi wokuqala obalulekile. Sikhuluma nge-opera ethi Oberto, Comte di San Bonifacio. Umdlalo ubudlalwa eMilan's La Scala Theatre. I-premiere ye-opera yayimangalisa. Ngokushesha i-maestro yathola isicelo sokuqamba eminye imisebenzi eminingana. Eqinisweni, wabe esethula amanye ama-opera amabili - "Inkosi ngehora" kanye ne "Nabucco".
I-opera ethi "King for an Hour" yadlalwa kuqala. U-Verdi ubelindele ukwamukelwa ngemfudumalo. Nokho, izethameli zaziwungabaza kakhulu umsebenzi. Umqondisi weshashalazi wenqaba ukwenza umsebenzi wesibili, uNabucco. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili kuphela, abaholi beshashalazi bavuma ukubeka umsebenzi esiteji. I-opera yaseNabucco ayizange yamukelwe ngokufudumele hhayi umphakathi kuphela, kodwa nangabagxeki bomculo abanegunya.
Isiqongo sokuthandwa komqambi uGiuseppe Verdi
Ukwamukelwa okufudumele okunjalo kwakhuthaza i-maestro. Akazange abe nesikhathi esilula sokuphila kwakhe. U-Verdi washonelwa umkakhe nezingane, waze wacabanga nokushiya umsebenzi wakhe wokudala. Ngemva kokwethulwa kwe-opera i-Nabucco, wakwazi ukubuyisela isimo somqambi onekhono nomculi. Kunzima ukukukholwa, kodwa i-opera isidlalelwe imidlalo yeshashalazi izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-60.
Izazi zomlando we-Verdi zithi lesi sikhathi sihlobene nokuthuthukiswa komculo we-maestro. Ngemva komsebenzi owaduma ngawo, umqambi waqamba ama-opera amaningi aphumelelayo. Sikhuluma "Lombards in a crusade" kanye "Ernani". Ngokushesha umphakathi wawukwazi ukubona umdlalo wokuqala enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseFrance. Yiqiniso, i-maestro kwadingeka yenze izinguquko ezithile ukuze ihlelwe. I-opera yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi "iJerusalema".
Uma sikhuluma ngomsebenzi odume kakhulu we-maestro, khona-ke umuntu akanakuhluleka ukusho umsebenzi "Rigoletto". I-opera yayisekelwe emdlalweni kaHugo othi The King Amuses ngokwakhe. U-Verdi ubheke ukuqanjwa okwethulwe njengelinye lama-opera amahle kakhulu kuyi-repertoire yakhe. Abalandeli abakhuluma isiRashiya bomsebenzi kaVerdi bayazi i-opera ethi "Rigoletto" ngengoma ethi "Inhliziyo yobuhle ijwayele ukuvukela umbuso."
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, umqambi wethula i-opera La Traviata emphakathini. Umsebenzi wamukelwe ngemfudumalo ngabalandeli nabagxeki bomculo.
Eminye imisebenzi
Ngo-1871 kwenzeka esinye isenzakalo esibalulekile. Iqiniso liwukuthi uVerdi uthole isipho esivela kuhulumeni waseGibhithe ukuze abhale i-opera yethiyetha yendawo. I-premiere ye "Aida" yenzeka ngo-1871 ofanayo.
Umqambi ubhale ama-opera angaphezu kuka-20. Imisebenzi yakhe yayiklanyelwe izigaba ezahlukene zabantu. Khona-ke i-opera house yahanjelwa yibo bobabili osaziwayo nabantu abavamile. I-Verdi yayibizwa ngokuthi "i-people's" maestro ngesizathu. Waqamba umculo onjalo owawusondelene nazo zonke izakhamuzi zase-Italy. Wonke umuntu owaba nenhlanhla yokulalela i-opera kaVerdi wazibonela imizwa yakhe. Abanye bezwa emisebenzini yomqambi kubizelwa esenzweni.
U-Verdi kuyo yonke impilo yakhe yokudala walwela ilungelo lokubizwa ngomqambi we-opera ongcono kakhulu nembangi yakhe uRichard Wagner. Umsebenzi walaba baqambi awukwazi ukudideka. Bakha izingoma ezihluke ngokuphelele emsindweni nokuqukethwe, nakuba zisebenza ngohlobo olufanayo. UVerdi noRichard babezwile okuningi ngomunye nomunye, kodwa abazange bazane.
Abalandeli abafuna ukwazi kangcono umlando womqambi bangabuka amadokhumenti nemidlalo ye-TV esekelwe ezenzakalweni zangempela. Ifilimu edume kakhulu mayelana ne-maestro yayiyi-"The Life of Giuseppe Verdi" (Renato Castellani). Lolu chungechunge lwathwetshulwa ngo-1982 ekhulwini elidlule.
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu ka-Giuseppe Verdi
U-Verdi ube nenhlanhla ukuzwa umuzwa omuhle kakhulu emhlabeni. Umkakhe wokuqala kwaba umfundi Margherita Barezzi. Cishe ngokushesha ngemva komshado, intombazane yazala indodakazi ye-maestro. Ngemva konyaka nengxenye, intombazane yashona. Cishe ngokushesha ngemva kokufa kwakhe, uMargarita wabeletha indodana kaVerdi. Kodwa naye wafa esemncane. Ngemva konyaka, owesifazane wabulawa encephalitis.
Umqambi wasala yedwa. Walahlekelwa kakhulu ngokomzwelo. U-Verdi wayeka ukubhala umculo isikhashana. Waqasha indlu encane eseceleni ahlala kuyo yedwa.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-35, u-maestro waphinde washada. Umculi we-opera odumile u-Giuseppina Strepponi wazinza enhliziyweni ye-Verdi. Iminyaka engaba ngu-10, lo mbhangqwana uhlala emshadweni womphakathi. Lesi simo sadala ukugxekwa okuningi okuvela emphakathini. Ngo-1859, banquma ukubhalisa ubuhlobo babo ngokomthetho. Ngemva kokudweba, bathuthela e-villa ye-maestro, eyayiseduze nedolobha.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi u-maestro ngokwakhe uthuthukise umklamo wendlu yakhe. I-villa iwubukhazikhazi. Ingadi yalo saziwayo, etshalwe izihlahla nezimbali zangaphandle, bekufanele inakwe kakhulu. Umculi ubethanda ukwenza ingadi. Esizeni, wakhululeka futhi wathola injabulo enkulu ngokuhlangana nemvelo.
Unkosikazi wesibili kaVerdi waba umngane wakhe weqiniso futhi Museum. Lapho umculi we-opera ephelelwa izwi, lona wesifazane wanquma ukuzinikela ekunakekeleni umyeni wakhe nomuzi wakhe. Umqambi, elandela umkakhe, naye wanquma ukushiya umsebenzi wakhe. Ngaleso sikhathi wakwazi ukuthola indawo ehloniphekile. Futhi izimali zakhe zazanele ukuphila ntofontofo.
Inkosikazi ayizange isisekele isinqumo somyeni wayo. Wagcizelela ukuthi angawuyeki umculo. Eqinisweni, wabe esebhala i-opera ethi "Rigoletto". U-Giuseppina wahlala nomqambi kwaze kwaba izinsuku zokugcina.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana ne-maestro u-Giuseppe Verdi
- UVerdi wayeyiphatha kahle inkolo. Umqambi akakaze ayigxeke ngokungagwegwesi inkolo nesonto, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo wayekholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu akaziwa.
- Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, u-maestro wafunda okuningi. Wakubheka njengomsebenzi wakhe ukuthuthukisa, njengoba izigidi zabantu kuwo wonke umhlaba zazibukela umsebenzi wakhe. UGiuseppe wayezibheka njengomuntu okhanyiselayo.
- Wayenesikhundla esisebenzayo kwezombusazwe. Esiqeshini senani elibalulekile lezingoma zika-Verdi kwakukhona ukubhekisela obala ezenzakalweni zezihloko emphakathini.
- Ukhiphe umculo cishe kunoma yimuphi umsindo. Lokhu kwakuyithalenta lakhe lemvelo.
- Umqambi wezingoma wayephila ngokucebile, ngakho wavula isibhedlela edolobhaneni laseVillanova kanye nekhaya labaculi asebekhulile.
Ukufa komqambi uGiuseppe Verdi
Ngo-1901 umqambi wavakashela eMilan. UVerdi wazinza kwelinye lamahhotela endawo. Ebusuku washaywa unhlangothi. Akazange awushiye ubuciko. NgoJanuwari 27, 1901, umqambi odumile wafa.
