U-Aretha Franklin wangeniswa kwi-Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ngo-2008. Lona umculi osezingeni lomhlaba owacula izingoma ezisezingeni eliphezulu ngendlela yesigqi neblues, soul ne-gospel.
Wayevame ukubizwa ngokuthi indlovukazi yomphefumulo. Akubona kuphela abagxeki bomculo abagunyaziwe abavumelana nalo mbono, kodwa nezigidi zabalandeli emhlabeni wonke.
Ubuntwana nobusha buka-Aretha Franklin
U-Aretha Franklin wazalwa ngo-March 25, 1942 eMemphis, eTennessee. Uyise wentombazane wayesebenza njengompristi, kanti unina wayengumhlengikazi. U-Aretha wakhumbula ukuthi uyise wayeyisikhulumi esihle kakhulu, futhi unina wayewunkosikazi wekhaya onekhono. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa entombazaneni, ubuhlobo babazali abuzange bukhule.
Ngokushesha kwenzeka okubi kakhulu - abazali baka-Aretha bahlukana. Intombazane yayiphatheke kabi ngokwehlukana kukayise nonina. Khona-ke umndeni wakwaFranklin wawuhlala eDetroit (Michigan). Umama wayengafuni ukuhlala ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa nowayengumyeni wakhe. Akazange alithole isixazululo esingcono kunokushiya izingane aye eNew York.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-10, kwavela ikhono lika-Aretha lokucula. Ubaba waphawula ukuthi indodakazi yakhe yayiwuthanda umculo futhi wayibhalisa ekwayeni yesonto. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izwi lentombazane lalingakadlalwa, izibukeli eziningi zabuthana ukuze zidlale. Ubaba wathi u-Aretha uyiparele leThe Bethel Baptist Church.
Ukukhishwa kwe-albhamu yokuqala ka-Aretha Franklin
Ikhono likaFranklin lembulwa ngokugcwele maphakathi nawo-1950. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho wenza umthandazo othi "Nkosi Ethandekayo" phambi kwamakholwa ayizinkulungwane ezingu-4,5. Ngesikhathi sokudlala, u-Arete wayeneminyaka engu-14 kuphela ubudala. IGospel imangaze futhi yamangaza umdidiyeli welebuli i-JVB Records. Wacela ukuqopha i-albhamu yokuqala kaFranklin. Ngokushesha, abathandi bomculo base bejabulela izingoma zerekhodi lika-Aretha eyedwa, elalibizwa ngokuthi, Songs of Faith.
Izingoma zomculo ze-albhamu yokuqala zaqoshwa ngesikhathi sokudlalwa kwekhwaya yesonto. Sekukonke, iqoqo lihlanganisa amathrekhi angu-9. Le albhamu isiphinde yakhishwa izikhathi ezimbalwa.
Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, umuntu ubengacabanga ukuthi umsebenzi ka-Aretha wokucula usuzoqala. Kodwa yayingekho. Watshela uyise ngokukhulelwa kwakhe. Intombazane yayilindele ingane yesithathu. Ngesikhathi kuzalwa indodana yakhe, wayeneminyaka engu-17 ubudala.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950, uFranklin wanquma ukuthi wayengajabule ngokuba ngumama ongayedwa. Ukuhlala ekhaya nezingane kwamosha umsebenzi wakhe. Washiya izingane ezandleni zikapapa wahamba wayonqoba iNew York.
Indlela yokudala ka-Aretha Franklin
Ngemva kokuthuthela eNew York, umculi osemusha akazange achithe isikhathi esiyigugu. Intombazane yathumela ukuqoshwa kweThe Gospel Soul ka-Aretha Franklin (isitudiyo esiphinde sakhishwa ethi Songs of Faith) ezinkampanini ezimbalwa.
Akuwona wonke amalebula asabele esicelweni sokusebenzisana, kodwa izinkampani ezintathu zithinte i-Aretha. Ngenxa yalokho, umculi omnyama wenza ukukhetha evuna ilebula Columbia Records, lapho uJohn Hammond wayesebenza khona.
Njengoba isikhathi sesibonisile, uFranklin wenza iphutha ekubaleni kwakhe. I-Columbia Records yayingazi ukuthi imethula kanjani umculi kubathandi bomculo. Esikhundleni sokuvumela umculi osemusha ukuthi amtholele u-"Mina", ilebula yamnikeza isikhundla somculi we-pop.
Iminyaka engu-6, u-Aretha Franklin ukhiphe ama-albhamu angaba ngu-10. Abagxeki bomculo babencoma izwi lomculi, kodwa basho into eyodwa mayelana nezingoma: "Azihlakaniphile kakhulu." Amarekhodi asatshalaliswa ngokuphawulekayo, kodwa izingoma azizange zifinyelele amashadi.
Mhlawumbe i-albhamu edume kakhulu kulesi sikhathi ethi, Ayinakulibaleka - inkokhiso enikezelwe kumculi oyintandokazi ka-Aretha u-Dinah Washington. U-Aretha Franklin uthe kwenye yezingxoxo zakhe:
“UDina ngamuzwa ngisemncane. Ubaba wayemazi, kodwa mina ngangingamazi. Ngokuyimfihlo, ngangimthanda. Bengifuna ukunikezela izingoma kuDina. Angizange ngizame ukulingisa isitayela sakhe esiyingqayizivele, ngivele ngacula izingoma zakhe ngendlela umphefumulo wami owazizwa ngayo ... ".
Ukusebenzisana nomdidiyeli uJerry Wexler
Maphakathi nawo-1960, inkontileka yakhe ne-Columbia Records yaphelelwa yisikhathi. Umkhiqizi we-Atlantic Records uJerry Wexler unikeze u-Aretha ukusebenzisana okunenzuzo ngo-1966. Wavuma. UFranklin waphinde waqala ukucula umphefumulo wakhe ojwayelekile nosuka enhliziyweni.
Umdidiyeli ubenethemba elikhulu ngalo mculi. Wayefuna ukuqopha i-albhamu ye-jazz ne-Music Emporium. Izingoma ezivele zicebile zika-Aretha Franklin Jerry zazifuna ukuhambisana nomculo ka-Eric Clapton, uDwayne Allman noKissy Houston. Kodwa futhi, izinto azihambanga ngokohlelo.
Ngesikhathi somhlangano estudiyo, umyeni ka-Aretha (umphathi wetoho u-Ted White) wavusa ingxabano edakiwe nomunye wabaculi. Umdidiyeli waphoqeleka ukuba akhiphe uFranklin nomyeni wakhe. Umculi ukwazile ukuqopha iculo elilodwa kuphela ngaphansi kwesandla sikaJerry. Sikhuluma ngengoma ethi I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You).
Lokhu kuqamba kube yingoma yangempela. U-Aretha wayefuna ukuqeda ukuqopha i-albhamu. Ngo-1967, i-albhamu ye-studio egcwele ngokugcwele yayisilungile. Iqoqo likhuphukele endaweni yesi-2 yeshadi likazwelonke. Umsebenzi kaFranklin wokucula uthuthukile.
U-Aretha Franklin waqhubeka nokugcwalisa i-discography yakhe ngama-albhamu. I-Lady Soul compilation, eyakhululwa ngo-1968, idinga ukunakwa okukhulu. Ngo-2003, u-Rolling Stone wabeka i-albhamu #84 ohlwini lwabo lwama-albhamu angu-500 Amakhulu Kunazo Zonke Isikhathi.
Iparele le-albhamu eshiwo ngenhla kwakuyi-Respect, umculi wokuqala okwakungu-Otis Redding. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ithrekhi yaba iculo elingekho emthethweni lenhlangano yabesifazane, futhi u-Aretha waba ubuso babesifazane abamnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yale ngoma, uFranklin wathola umklomelo wakhe wokuqala we-Grammy.
Kwehliswe ukuthandwa kuka-Aretha Franklin
Ngawo-1970s, izingoma zomculo zika-Aretha Franklin zazincipha kakhulu kumashadi. Igama lakhe lakhohlakala kancane kancane. Kwakungesona isikhathi esilula empilweni yomculi. Maphakathi nawo-1980, ubaba wakhe washona, wahlukanisa nomyeni wakhe ... futhi izandla zika-Aretha zawa.
Umdlali we-actress ubuyiselwe ekuphileni ekudutshulweni kwefilimu ethi "The Blues Brothers" (The Blues Brothers). Le filimu ikhuluma ngamadoda anquma ukuvuselela iqembu elidala le-blues ukuze imali ayitholayo idluliselwe ekhaya lezintandane abakhulele kulo. UFranklin wazibonakalisa eyingcweti enekhono. Kamuva waba nenkanyezi kwifilimu ethi The Blues Brothers 2000.
Ngokushesha umculi wagcina engasakuthakasela ukuqopha ama-albhamu eyedwa. Manje useqophe kakhulu izingoma zomculo ku-duet. Ngakho-ke, iculo elithi I Knew You were Waiting, elethulwa maphakathi nawo-1980 no-George Michael, lathatha indawo yokuqala ku-Billboard Hot 1.
Ngemuva kwempumelelo enkulu, kwalandela ukusebenzisana okube yimpumelelo noChristina Aguilera, Gloria Estefan, Mariah Carey, Frank Sinatra nabanye.
Lesi sikhathi simakwa wuhlelo olumatasa lokuvakasha. U-Aretha Franklin usedlale cishe kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi wasebenzisa okuqoshiwe kwamakhonsathi ukuze enze iziqeshana zevidiyo.
Impilo yomuntu ka-Aretha Franklin
Akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi impilo yomuntu siqu kaFranklin yaba yimpumelelo. Owesifazane wayeshade kabili. Ngo-1961, washada noTed White. Kulo mshado, lo mbhangqwana wahlala iminyaka engu-8. Khona-ke u-Artera waba unkosikazi kaGlynn Turman, ngo-1984 le nyunyana nayo yahlukana.
Ngosuku olwandulela usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lwama-70, u-Aretha Franklin wamemezela ukuthi uzoshada okwesithathu. Kodwa-ke, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi komkhosi, kwaziwa ukuthi owesifazane uhoxise umshado.
UFranklin naye wenzeka njengomama. Wayenezingane ezine. Esemncane, u-Aretha wakhulisa amadodana amabili, uClarence no-Edward. Maphakathi nawo-1960, lo mculi wabeletha indodana yomyeni wakhe, lo mfana waqanjwa ngokuthi uTed White Jr. Ingane yokugcina yazalwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1970 kumphathi uKen Cunningham. UFranklin waqamba indodana yakhe ngokuthi uCecalf.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngo-Aretha Franklin
- U-Aretha Franklin unemiklomelo eyi-18 ye-Grammy. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waba ngowesifazane wokuqala ukungeniswa e-Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum.
- U-Aretha Franklin ucule emcimbini wokugcotshwa komengameli abathathu baseMelika – uJimmy Carter, uBill Clinton noBarack Obama.
- I-repertoire eyinhloko kaFranklin ithi soul and R&B, kodwa ngo-1998 "waphula uhlelo". Emcimbini wamaGrammy Awards, umculi wenza i-aria Nessun Dorma evela ku-opera Turandot ka-Giacomo Puccini.
- U-Aretha Franklin uyesaba ukundiza. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, lona wesifazane akazange andize, kodwa wahamba emhlabeni wonke ebhasini lakhe alithandayo.
- I-asteroid yaqanjwa ngo-Aretha. Lo mcimbi wenzeka emuva ngo-2014. Igama elisemthethweni lomzimba we-cosmic ngu-249516 Aretha.
Ukufa kuka-Aretha Franklin
Ngo-2010, u-Arete wanikezwa ukuxilongwa okudumazayo. Lo mculi kwatholakala ukuthi unomdlavuza. Naphezu kwalokhu, uqhubekile nokudlala esiteji. UFranklin ugcine ukudlala ekhonsathini yokweseka i-Elton John AIDS Foundation ngo-2017.
Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho kwavela khona izithombe ezinyantisayo zika-Aretha - wayesehle ngo-39 kg futhi ebukeka ekhathele. UFranklin wayazi ukuthi kwakungasekho ukubuyela emuva. Wavalelisa ezithandwa zakhe kusenesikhathi. Odokotela babikezela ngokufa kukasaziwayo osekuseduze. U-Aretha Franklin ushone ngo-Agasti 16, 2018 eneminyaka engama-76.
