I-Giacomo Puccini ibizwa ngokuthi i-opera maestro ehlakaniphile. Ungomunye wabaqambi bomculo abathathu abacula kakhulu emhlabeni. Bakhuluma ngaye njengomqambi ogqamile wesiqondiso "se-verismo".
Ubuntwana nentsha
Wazalwa ngo-December 22, 1858 edolobheni elincane Lucca. Waba nesiphetho esinzima. Lapho eneminyaka engu-5 ubudala, uyise washona kabuhlungu. Wamnika uthando lomculo. Ubaba wayengumculi wofuzo. Ngemva kokushona kukayise, zonke izinkinga zokondla nokukhulisa izingane eziyisishiyagalombili zawela emahlombe kamama.
Imfundo yomculo yalowo mfana yenziwa ngumalume wakhe uFortunato Maggi. Wafundisa eLyceum, futhi wayeyinhloko yesonto lenkantolo. Kusukela eneminyaka engu-10, uPuccini wayecula ekwayeni yesonto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayedlala i-organ ngobuchule.
U-Puccini waphishekela iphupho elilodwa kusukela ebusheni - wayefuna ukuzwa izingoma zikaGiuseppe Verdi. Iphupho lakhe lafezeka eneminyaka engu-18. Khona-ke uGiacomo, kanye nabalingani bakhe, baya ePisa beyolalela i-opera kaVerdi Aida. Kwakuwuhambo olude, olungamakhilomitha angu-40 ubude. Lapho ezwa indalo enhle kaGiuseppe, akazange azisole ngemizamo ayichitha. Ngemva kwalokho, uPuccini waqaphela ukuthi ufuna ukuthuthukisa ngakuphi.
Ngo-1880 wasondela isinyathelo esisodwa ephusheni lakhe. Wabe esefunda eMilan Conservatory ehlonishwayo. Wachitha iminyaka engu-4 esikoleni. Ngalesi sikhathi, isihlobo sakhe, uNicolao Cheru, sasihlanganyela ekunakekeleni umndeni wakwaPuccini. Empeleni, wayikhokhela imfundo kaGiacomo.
Indlela yokudala nomculo womqambi u-Giacomo Puccini
Ensimini yaseMilan, wabhala incwadi yakhe yokuqala. Sikhuluma nge-opera ethi "Willis". Ubhale lo msebenzi ukuze abambe iqhaza emqhudelwaneni womculo wendawo. Akaphumelelanga ukunqoba, kodwa umncintiswano wamnika okunye okwengeziwe. Udonse ukunaka komqondisi wenhlangano enyathelisayo, u-Giulio Ricordi, owashicilela amaphuzu abaqambi. Cishe yonke imisebenzi eyaphuma esibayeni sikaPuccini yashicilelwa esikhungweni saseRicordi. "UWillis" wadlalwa endaweni yeshashalazi yendawo. I-opera yamukelwa ngemfudumalo umphakathi.
Ngemva kokukhishwa kokuqala okukhaliphile, abameleli benhlangano enyathelisayo bathintana noPuccini. Ba-oda i-opera entsha kumqambi. Kwakungesona isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokubhala ingoma yomculo. U-Giacomo wabhekana nokucindezeleka okukhulu ngokomzwelo. Iqiniso liwukuthi unina wabulawa umdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-maestro yayinengane engekho emthethweni. Neziqalekiso zehlela phezu kwakhe ngoba wahlanganisa impilo yakhe nowesifazane oshadile.
Ngo-1889, inkampani yokushicilela yashicilela idrama ethi Edgar. Ngemuva kwe-debut ekhanyayo enjalo, kwakulindelwe umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu ovela ku-Puccini. Kodwa idrama ayizange ihlabe umxhwele abagxeki bomculo noma umphakathi. Idrama yamukelwa ngokufudumele. Okokuqala, lokhu kungenxa yesakhiwo esingenangqondo kanye ne-banal. I-opera yadlalwa izikhathi ezimbalwa kuphela. U-Puccini wayefuna ukuletha idrama ekupheleleni, ngakho phakathi neminyaka embalwa wasusa izingxenye ezithile futhi wabhala ezintsha.
UManon Lescaut kwakuyi-opera yesithathu ye-maestro. Igqugquzelwe inoveli ka-Antoine Francois Prévost. Umqambi wasebenza ku-opera iminyaka emine. Indalo entsha yahlaba umxhwele izethameli kangangokuthi ngemuva komdlalo abalingisi baphoqeleka ukuthi bakhothame izikhathi ezingaphezu kwe-10. Ngemva kokuqala kwe-opera, uPuccini waqala ukubizwa ngokuthi umlandeli weVerdi.
Ihlazo nomqambi u-Giacomo Puccini
Ngokushesha, ingoma kaGiacomo yaphinde yagcwaliswa ngenye i-opera. Lena i-opera yesine ye-maestro. Umculi wethula emphakathini umsebenzi okhaliphile "La Boheme".
Le opera yabhalwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-maestro, omunye umqambi, u-Puccini Leoncavallo, wabhala umculo we-opera Scenes kusukela ku-Life of Bohemia. Abaculi babengaxhunywanga kuphela ngothando lwe-opera, kodwa futhi nobungane obuqinile.
Ngemva kokukhonjiswa okokuqala kwama-opera amabili, kwaqubuka ihlazo emaphephandabeni. Abagxeki bomculo baphikisana ngokuthi umsebenzi kabani owahlaba umxhwele izethameli. Abalandeli bomculo wakudala bancamela u-Giacomo.
Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo, izakhamuzi zaseYurophu zayithanda idrama ehlakaniphile ethi "Tosca", umbhali wayo owayeyimbongi uGiuseppe Giacosa. Umqambi naye wayewuthanda ukukhiqizwa. Ngemva kokuqala, wayefuna ukuhlangana mathupha umbhali ukukhiqizwa, Victorien Sardou. Wayefuna ukubhala amaphuzu omculo wedrama.
Umsebenzi wokuhambisana nomculo wathatha iminyaka eminingana. Lapho umsebenzi ubhalwa, i-debut ye-opera Tosca yenzeka eTeatro Costanzi. Umcimbi senzeka ngoJanuwari 14, 1900. I-aria ye-Cavaradossi, ezwakale esenzweni sesithathu, isengazwakala nanamuhla njengengoma yamafilimu nochungechunge lwe-TV.
Yehlisa ukuduma kwe-maestro Giacomo Puccini
Ngo-1904, uPuccini wethula umdlalo othi Madama Butterfly emphakathini. I-premiere yengoma yenzeke e-Italy e-Central Theatre "La Scala". U-Giacomo uthembele emdlalweni ukuze aqinise igunya lakhe. Nokho, lo msebenzi wemukelwa ngesizotha. Futhi abagxeki bomculo baphawule ukuthi isenzo eside esiyimizuzu engama-90 sicishe sadunga izethameli. Kamuva kwaziwa ukuthi izimbangi zikaPuccini zazama ukumqeda emkhakheni womculo. Ngakho abagxeki bafumbathiswa.
Umqambi, owayengajwayele ukulahlekelwa, waqala ukulungisa amaphutha ayewenzile. Ucabangele ukuphawula kwabagxeki bomculo, ngakho-ke i-Premiere yenguqulo ebuyekeziwe ye-Madama Butterfly yenzeka eBrescia ngoMeyi 28. Yilo mdlalo u-Giacomo abheka umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu we-repertoire yakhe.
Lesi sikhathi siphawulwe yinani lezehlakalo ezibuhlungu ezibe nomthelela emsebenzini wokudala we-maestro. Ngo-1903, waba sengozini enkulu yemoto. Umgcini wendlu yakhe uDoria Manfredi washona ngokuzithandela phakathi kwengcindezi evela kunkosikazi kaPuccini. Emuva kokuba lo mcimbi ubonakale emphakathini, inkantolo iyalele uGiacomo ukuba akhokhe isinxephezelo sezimali emndenini kamufi. Ngokushesha umngane wakhe othembekile u-Giulio Ricordi, owathonya ukuthuthukiswa komsebenzi we-maestro, washona.
Lezi zenzakalo zathonya kakhulu isimo somzwelo somculi, kodwa wayezama ukudala. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, wethula i-opera ethi "Intombazane YaseNtshonalanga". Ngaphezu kwalokho, wavuma ukushintsha i-operetta "Swallow". Ngenxa yalokho, uPuccini wethula lo msebenzi njenge-opera.
Ngokushesha uMaestro wethula i-opera ethi "Triptych" kubalandeli bomsebenzi wakhe. Umsebenzi wawuhlanganisa nemidlalo emithathu yomjikelezo owodwa lapho kwakukhona izifundazwe ezihlukene - ezesabekayo, inhlekelele kanye ne-farce.
Ngo-1920, wajwayelana nomdlalo othi "Turandot" (Carlo Grossi). Umculi waqaphela ukuthi wayengakaze ezwe izingoma ezinjalo ngaphambili, ngakho wayefuna ukudala ukuhambisana nomculo womdlalo. Akakwazanga ukuqedela umsebenzi womculo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, wabhekana noshintsho olukhulu emoyeni. Waqala ukubhala umculo, kodwa wabe eseshiya umsebenzi ngokushesha. U-Puccini wehlulekile ukuqedela isenzo sokugcina.
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu ka-Maestro Giacomo Puccini
Ukuphila komuntu siqu kwe-maestro kwakugcwele izenzakalo ezithakazelisayo. Ekuqaleni kuka-1886, uPuccini wathandana nowesifazane oshadile, u-Elvira Bonturi. Ngokushesha lo mbhangqwana waba nendodana, eyaqanjwa ngoyise oyizalayo. Ngokuthakazelisayo, le ntombazane kakade yayinezingane ezimbili zomyeni wayo. Ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana, u-Elvira wathuthela endlini nodadewabo u-Puccini. Wahamba nendodakazi yakhe kuphela.
Ngemva kobudlelwane nowesifazane oshadile, u-Giacomo wahlaselwa izinkulumo ezithukuthele ezivela ezakhamuzini zedolobha. Akubona abahlali kuphela, kodwa nezihlobo zomculi zazimelene naye. Lapho umyeni ka-Elvira eshona, uPuccini wakwazi ukubuyisela lona wesifazane.
Kuthiwa umqambi, ngemva kweminyaka engu-18 yomshado womphakathi, wayengafuni ukushada no-Elvira. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayesethanda umculi wakhe osemncane, uCorinna. U-Elvira wathatha izinyathelo zokuqeda imbangi yakhe. Ngaleso sikhathi, uGiacomo wayeselulama ekulimaleni kwakhe, ngakho akakwazanga ukumelana nalo wesifazane. U-Elvira wakwazi ukuqeda ubuhle obusha futhi wathatha indawo yomfazi osemthethweni.
Abantu besikhathi sakhe bathi u-Elvira no-Giacomo babenezinhlamvu ezihluke kakhulu. Lona wesifazane wayehlushwa ukucindezeleka njalo nokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo, wayeqinile futhi enokungabaza. U-Puccini, kunalokho, wayedume ngomlingiswa wakhe wokukhononda. Wayenamancoko. Wayefuna ukusiza abantu. Kulo mshado, umqambi akazange athole injabulo ekuphileni kwakhe siqu.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngomqambi
- UPuccini wayengenasithakazelo emculweni kuphela. Wayengayicabangi impilo yakhe ngaphandle kwamahhashi, ukuzingela nezinja.
- Ngo-1900, iphupho lakhe ayelithanda lagcwaliseka. Iqiniso liwukuthi wazakhela indlu endaweni ekhangayo yeholide lakhe lasehlobo - iTuscan Torre del Lago, ogwini lweLake Massaciuccoli.
- Ngemva konyaka ethole lesi sakhiwo, kwavela enye into eyayithengwe egalaji lakhe. Wakwazi ukuthenga imoto yakwaDe Dion Bouton.
- Wayenezikebhe ezine ezinenjini nezithuthuthu eziningi.
- UPuccini wayemuhle. Inkampani edumile iBorsalino yamenzele izigqoko ngokwezilinganiso zomuntu ngamunye.
Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila nokufa kwe-maestro
Ngo-1923, u-maestro watholakala enesimila emphinjeni wakhe. Odokotela bazama ukusindisa impilo kaPuccini, baze bamhlinza. Nokho, ukuhlinzwa kwenza isimo sikaGiacomo saba sibi kakhulu. Ukuhlinzwa okungaphumelelanga kwaholela ekushayweni kwe-myocardial.
Ngemva konyaka ukuxilongwa kwakhe, wavakashela eBrussels ukuze athole ukwelashwa okukhethekile okulwa nomdlavuza. Ukuhlinzwa kwathatha amahora angu-3, kodwa ekugcineni, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kwabulala i-maestro. Washona ngoNovemba 29.
Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, wabhala kwenye yezincwadi zakhe ukuthi i-opera iyafa, isizukulwane esisha sasidinga umsindo ohlukile. Ngokusho komqambi, isizukulwane asisenandaba nomculo nezingoma zemisebenzi.
