U-Leonard Cohen ungomunye wababhali bezingoma abathakazelisa kakhulu futhi abaxakayo (uma kungeyena abaphumelele kakhulu) ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960, futhi ukwazile ukugcina izethameli ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha yokudalwa komculo.
Lo mculi udonse ukunaka kwabagxeki nabaculi abasebasha ngempumelelo kunanoma yimuphi omunye umculi womculo wama-1960 owaqhubeka nokusebenza ngekhulu lama-XNUMX.
Umbhali onekhono nomculi uLeonard Cohen
UCohen wazalwa ngoSepthemba 21, 1934 emndenini wamaJuda osezingeni eliphakathi eWestmount, indawo engaphansi kweMontreal, eQuebec, eCanada. Uyise wayengumthengisi wezingubo (owayeneziqu zobunjiniyela bemishini), owashona ngo-1943 lapho uCohen eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye ubudala.
Kwakungunina owakhuthaza uCohen njengomlobi. Isimo sakhe sengqondo ngomculo sasibucayi kakhulu.
Waqala ukuthanda isiginci eneminyaka engu-13 ukuze ahlabe umxhwele intombazane. Kodwa-ke, uLeonard wayemuhle ngokwanele ukudlala izingoma zezwe nezasentshonalanga ezindaweni zokudlela endawo, futhi waqhubeka wakha iBuckskin Boys.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-17, wangena eMcGill University. Ngalesi sikhathi wayesebhala izinkondlo ngobuqotho futhi wayeseyingxenye yomphakathi omncane wenyuvesi ongaphansi komhlaba kanye nama-bohemian.
UCohen wafunda kahle kakhulu, kodwa wabhala kahle kakhulu, lapho athola khona uMklomelo weMcNorton.
Ngemva konyaka eqede isikole, uLeonard washicilela incwadi yakhe yokuqala yezinkondlo. Ithole ukubuyekezwa okuhle kodwa ithengiswe kabi. Ngo-1961, uCohen washicilela incwadi yakhe yesibili yezinkondlo, eyaba yimpumelelo yezentengiso yamazwe ngamazwe.
Uqhubekile nokushicilela umsebenzi wakhe, okuhlanganisa namanoveli ambalwa, Umdlalo Oyintandokazi (1963) kanye nethi The Beautiful Losers (1966), kanye namaqoqo ezinkondlo Izimbali zikaHitler (1964) kanye namaParasites of Heaven (1966).
Buyela kumculo ka-Leonard Cohen
Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho uLeonard aqala khona ukubhala umculo futhi. UJudy Collins wengeze ingoma ethi Suzanne enamazwi kaCohen ku-repertoire yakhe futhi wayifaka ku-albhamu yakhe ethi In My Life.
Irekhodi likaSuzanne lalisakazwa njalo emsakazweni. Kamuva uCohen uphinde wavela njengombhali wengoma ku-albhamu ethi Dress Rehearsal Rag.
KwakunguCollins owaqinisekisa uCohen ukuthi abuyele ekwenzeni, ayekushiyile phakathi nezinsuku zakhe zesikole. Uqale ukubonakala kwakhe ehlobo lika-1967 e-Newport Folk Festival, elandelwa amakhonsathi aphumelele kahle eNew York.
Omunye walabo ababone uCohen enza eNewport kwakunguJohn Hammond Sr., umdidiyeli odumile owaqala umsebenzi wakhe ngeminyaka yawo-1930s. Usebenze noBillie Holiday, uBenny Goodman noBob Dylan.
U-Hammond usayine u-Cohen e-Columbia Records futhi wamsiza ukuba aqophe Izingoma zikaLeonard Cohen, ezikhishwe ngaphambi nje kukaKhisimusi 1967.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-albhamu ayizange icatshangelwe kahle kakhulu ngokomculo futhi esikhundleni sokudangala, umsebenzi waba hit ngokushesha emibuthanweni yabafuna ukucula nababhali bezingoma.
Enkathini lapho izigidi zabathandi bomculo zilalele izimbobo kuma-albhamu ka-Bob Dylan no-Simon & Garfunkel, u-Cohen washeshe wathola umbuthano omncane kodwa ozinikele wabalandeli. Abafundi basekolishi bathenga amarekhodi akhe ngezinkulungwane; eminyakeni emibili ngemva kokukhululwa, irekhodi lathengiswa ngokusakazwa kwamakhophi angaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-100.
Izingoma zikaLeonard Cohen zazisondelene kakhulu nezilaleli kangangokuthi uCohen waziwa kabanzi cishe ngaso leso sikhathi.
Ngokumelene nesizinda somsebenzi wakhe womculo, wacishe wadebeselela omunye umsebenzi wakhe - ngo-1968 washicilela ivolumu entsha, Izinkondlo Ezikhethiwe: 1956-1968, ehlanganisa kokubili imisebenzi endala nesanda kushicilelwa. Ngaleli qoqo, wathola umklomelo kuMbusi Jikelele waseCanada.
Ngaleso sikhathi, wayeseyingxenye ebalulekile ye-rock scene. Isikhathi esithile, uCohen wayehlala eNew York Chelsea Hotel, lapho omakhelwane bakhe kwakunguJanis Joplin nezinye izikhanyiso, ezinye zazo ezazinethonya eliqondile ezingomeni zakhe.
I-Melancholy njengetimu eyinhloko yokudala
I-albhamu yakhe eyalandela ethi Songs from a Room (1969) yayinomoya odabukisayo nakakhulu - ngisho neculo elinamandla elithi A Bunch of Lonesome Heroes lalingene shí emizweni edangele kakhulu, futhi ingoma eyodwa ayizange ibhalwe nguCohen nhlobo.
I-Partisan single yayiyinganekwane emnyama yezimbangela nemiphumela yokumelana nokucindezela, enemigqa efana nokuthi Wafa ngaphandle kokuhleba ("Wafa ethule"), futhi equkethe izithombe zomoya ovunguza amathuna adlule.
U-Joan Baez wabe eserekhoda kabusha ingoma, futhi ekusebenzeni kwakhe kwaba okujabulisayo futhi okukhuthaza umlaleli.
Sekukonke, i-albhamu ibingaphumelelanga kangako kwezohwebo nangokugxeka kunomsebenzi wangaphambilini. Umsebenzi ka-Bob Johnston ongaphansi (ocishe ube yi-minimalist) wenze i-albhamu ingakhangi kangako. Yize i-albhamu yayinamaculo amaningana i-Birdon the Wire kanye ne-The Story of Isaac, eyaba yizimbangi ze-albhamu yokuqala kaSuzanne.
Indaba ka-Isaka, umfanekiso womculo ozungeza umfanekiso weBhayibheli mayelana neVietnam, wawungenye yezingoma ezigqamayo nezibuhlungu kakhulu zombutho omelene nempi. Kulo msebenzi, uCohen wabonisa izinga lethalenta lakhe lomculo nokubhala, ngangokunokwenzeka.
Impumelelo yePhenomenon
Kungenzeka ukuthi u-Cohen wayengeyena umculi owaziwayo, kodwa izwi lakhe eliyingqayizivele, kanye namandla ethalente lakhe lokubhala, kwamsiza ukuba afinyelele i-niche yabaculi be-rock abahamba phambili.
Uvele e-1970 Isle of Wight Festival e-England, lapho kwahlangana khona izihlabani ze-rock ezihlanganisa nezinganekwane ezinjengoJimi Hendrix. Ebukeka kabi phambi kwezihlabani ezinjalo, u-Cohen wadlala isiginci se-acoustic phambi kwezilaleli zabantu abangu-600.
Ngandlela thize, uCohen waphinda into efana naleyo ejatshulelwa uBob Dylan ngaphambi kohambo lwakhe ekuqaleni kwawo-1970. Khona-ke abantu bathenga ama-albhamu akhe ngamashumi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi amakhulu ezinkulungwane.
Abalandeli bebebonakala bembona njengomdlali omusha noyingqayizivele. Mayelana nalaba baculi ababili bafunde ngomlomo kakhulu kunasemsakazweni noma kumabonakude.
Ukuxhumana ne-cinema
I-albhamu yesithathu ka-Cohen ethi Songs of Love and Hate (1971) yayingomunye wemisebenzi yakhe eqine kakhulu, egcwele izingoma ezibuhlungu nomculo owawugqame ngokulinganayo futhi usezingeni elincane.
Ibhalansi yatholwa ngenxa yezwi likaCohen. Kuze kube manje, izingoma ezivelele yilezi: U-Joan wase-Arc, i-Dress Rehearsal Rag (eqoshwe u-Judy Collins) kanye ne-Famous Blue Raincoat.
I-albhamu ethi Songs of Love and Hate, ehlanganiswe nengoma yokuqala ethi Suzanne, ilethe u-Cohen abalandeli abaningi emhlabeni jikelele.
U-Cohen wazithola edingeka kakhulu emhlabeni wokuqopha amafilimu ezentengiselwano, njengoba umqondisi uRobert Altman asebenzisa umculo wakhe efilimini yakhe ethi McCabe and Mrs. Miller (1971), eyayidlala uWarren Beatty noJulie Christie.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, uLeonard Cohen naye washicilela iqoqo elisha lezinkondlo, I-Slave Energy. Ngo-1973 wakhipha i-albhamu ethi Leonard Cohen: Live Songs.
Ngo-1973, umculo wakhe waba yisisekelo sokukhiqizwa kweshashalazi ethi Sisters of Mercy, eyatholwa nguGene Lesser futhi isekelwe kakhulu empilweni kaCohen noma inguqulo yenganekwane yempilo yakhe.
Ikhefu nemisebenzi emisha
Cishe kwadlula iminyaka emithathu phakathi kokukhishwa kwe-albhamu elandelayo ka-Cohen ethi Songs of Love and Hate. Iningi labalandeli nabagxeki bacabange ukuthi i-Live-albhamu yayiyiphuzu emsebenzini womculi.
Nokho wayematasa enandisa e-United States nase-Europe ngo-1971 nango-1972, kwathi phakathi neMpi Yom Kippur ngo-1973 wabonakala kwa-Israel. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho aqala khona ukusebenza nomdlali wopiyano kanye nomhleli uJohn Lissauer, amqasha ukuthi akhiqize i-albhamu yakhe elandelayo, i-New Skin for the Old Ceremony (1974).
Le albhamu ibonakala iphila ngokuvumelana nokulindelwe nokholo lwabalandeli bakhe, ithula uCohen ohlwini olubanzi lomculo.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, i-Columbia Records yakhipha ethi The Best of Leonard Cohen, eyayihlanganisa izingoma zakhe ezidumile (hits) ezidlalwa abanye abaculi.
I-albhamu "Yehlulekile".
Ngo-1977, u-Cohen uphinde wangena emakethe yomculo nge-Death of a Ladies Man, i-albhamu eyaba nempikiswano kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe, ekhishwe nguPhil Spector.
Irekhodi eliwumphumela lacwilisa ngokuphumelelayo isilaleli kubuntu bukaCohen ocindezelayo, ebonisa amakhono akhe alinganiselwe ezwi. Ngokokuqala ngqá emsebenzini kaCohen, izingoma zakhe ezicishe zibe mnandi kulokhu zazikude nophawu oluhle.
Ukungeneliseki kukaCohen ngale albhamu kwakwaziwa kakhulu kubalandeli, iningi labo abalithenga benalokho engqondweni, ngakho alilimazanga igama lomculi.
I-albhamu elandelayo ka-Cohen Izingoma Zakamuva (1979) ibe yimpumelelo ngandlela thize futhi yabonisa ukucula kukaLeonard ohlangothini oluhle kakhulu. Ukusebenzisana nomkhiqizi uHenry Levy, i-albhamu ibonise amazwi kaCohen njengabandakanya futhi eveza ngendlela yakhe ethule.
ISabatha kanye neBuddhism
Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwama-albhamu amabili, kwalandela elinye isabatha. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1991 kukhishwe ethi I'm Your Fan: The Songs featuring REM, the Pixies, Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds kanye no-John Cale, owabeka uCohen udumo njengombhali wengoma.
Lo mculi usebenzise leli thuba ngokukhipha icwecwe elithi, Ikusasa, elikhulume ngezinsongo eziningi isintu esizobhekana nazo eminyakeni namashumi eminyaka ezayo.
Phakathi nalo msebenzi, uCohen wangena esigabeni esisha empilweni yakhe. Izindaba zenkolo azikaze ziqhelelane kakhulu nokucabanga nomsebenzi wakhe.
Wachitha isikhathi esithile ezintabeni e-Baldy Zen Centre (indawo yokubalekela yamaBuddha eCalifornia), futhi waba isakhamuzi saphakade kanye nendela yamaBuddha ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990.
Umthelela esikweni
Emashumini amahlanu eminyaka ngemva kokuba isazi sezincwadi zomphakathi futhi ngemva kwalokho waba umlingisi, uCohen wahlala engomunye wabantu abayinqaba kakhulu emculweni.
Ngo-2010, kwakhululwa iphakethe levidiyo nomsindo elihlanganisiwe elithi "Izingoma Zomgwaqo", eliqopha uhambo lwakhe lomhlaba lwango-2008 (oluqhubeke kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kuka-2010). Uhambo lwahlanganisa amakhonsathi angu-84 futhi kwathengiswa amathikithi angaphezu kuka-700 emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngemva kolunye uhambo lomhlaba olwamlethela ukuqashelwa kwendawo yonke, uCohen, ngokungafanele, wabuyela ngokushesha esitudiyo nomdidiyeli (nombhali ohlanganyela naye) uPatrick Leonard, ekhulula izingoma ezintsha eziyisishiyagalolunye, enye yazo ethi Born in Chains.
Yabhalwa eminyakeni engu-40 edlule. U-Cohen waqhubeka nokuzulazula umhlaba wonke ngamandla amangalisayo kwathi ngoDisemba 2014 wakhipha i-albhamu yakhe yesithathu ebukhoma, ethi Live in Dublin.
Lo mculi wabuyela emsebenzini wakhe ngezinto ezintsha, nakuba impilo yakhe yayiwohloka. NgoSepthemba 21, 2016, iculo elithi You Want It Darker livele ku-inthanethi. Lo msebenzi bekuyingoma yokugcina kaLeonard Cohen. Washona kungakapheli amasonto amathathu kamuva ngoNovemba 7, 2016.
