U-Lidia Ruslanova ungumculi waseSoviet ogama lakhe lokudala nempilo elingenakubizwa ngokuthi lilula futhi alinafu. Ikhono lomculi lalihlale lifunwa, ikakhulukazi phakathi neminyaka yempi. Wayeyingxenye yeqembu elikhethekile elasebenza cishe iminyaka emi-4 ukuze liwine.
Phakathi neminyaka ye-Great Patriotic War, uLydia, kanye nabanye abaculi, babamba amakhonsathi angaphezu kuka-1000. Ubedlala ezindaweni ezishisayo. Intombazane elula empofu yayihlukaniswa ngesimo sayo esihle kanye nomlingiswa wensimbi.
Wayenezwi elimnandi elinezinhlobonhlobo. U-Lydia wakwazi ukuthuthukisa isitayela sakhe sokwethula izinto zomculo. Ukusebenza kukaRuslanova kungokokuqala futhi kuyingqayizivele.
Wawudlulisela kahle isimo semisebenzi yomculo ethi "Steppe and steppe nxazonke", "Century Linden", "Ngakhuphuka igquma", "Inyanga iyakhanya", "Amabhuzu amabhuzu". Ngendlela, uLidiya wayengathandi ubuciko bomdabu kuphela. I-repertoire yakhe ihlanganisa imisebenzi yabaqambi baseSoviet.
Ubuntwana nobusha bukaLidia Ruslanova
Usuku lokuzalwa komculi ngo-Okthoba 14 (27), 1900. Abazali bentombazane esanda kuzalwa babengabalimi abavamile. Unina noyise kaLydia babehileleke ekukhuliseni izingane ezintathu. URuslanova wayenomfowabo nodadewabo.
Akazange akujabulele ukunakwa nokunakekelwa abazali bakhe isikhathi eside. Inhloko yomndeni yabizelwa phambili, futhi unina washona esemncane kakhulu uLydia. Wathunyelwa ekhaya lezintandane. Wabelwa nomfowabo nodadewabo.
Intombazane yathola ithalente layo lezwi kusenesikhathi. Lapho ehlala ekhaya lezintandane, waya ekwayeni yesonto. Amalungu esonto ayekuthanda ukucula kukaLydia futhi amprofethela ikusasa elihle lomculo.
URuslanova ngokwakhe wacabanga ngomsebenzi womculi. Ngokushesha waba umfundi e-conservatory edolobheni lesifundazwe laseSamara. Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, kwaqaphela ukuthi wayengenasithakazelo kumazwi ezemfundo, wayedonseleka kubantu.
Wafudunyezwa ukudlalwa kwezingoma zomdabu. Ngo-1916, uLydia waya phambili eyosiza esitimeleni sasesibhedlela. Ujabulise amasosha ngokudlala izingoma zesintu kanye nezingoma. Ngendlela, lapho wathola inoveli yakhe yokuqala.
Indlela yokudala kaLidia Ruslanova
Wathatha isimo njengomculi ekuqaleni kwawo-20s ekhulwini elidlule. Nalapho, wazakhela esakhe isitayela sokwethula izinto zomculo, isithombe esigqamile kanye ne-repertoire yokuqala. Waba yingxenye ye-pop yaseshashalazini "Skomorokhi", eyayisendaweni yaseRostov-on-Don.
Umculi ohamba yedwa waqala ukucula eminyakeni embalwa kamuva. Ukusebenza kokuqala kukaLydia kwahamba ngezinga elikhulu. Kwabe sekuvela into yokuzilibazisa empilweni yakhe - umdwebi uqoqa izincwadi nezingubo ezimibalabala. Egqoke izingubo, wayevame ukuya esiteji. Umyeni wesibili kaLydia wagxilisa kuye uthando lokuphila okunethezeka.
Ngalesi sikhathi, amarekhodi anezingoma zakhe zomculi aphuma ngamanani amakhulu. Abalandeli bathenga ngokushesha okuqoshiwe ngezwi eliwumlingo lomculi. Abalandeli abavela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene ze-USSR babenesithakazelo emsebenzini wakhe.
Umsebenzi womculi uLidia Ruslanova njengengxenye yeqembu lekhonsathi
Ekupheleni kwawo-30, waphinde waba phambili. Umculi ujoyine iqembu lekhonsathi. Kwakunzima ngendlela emangalisayo kuye, kodwa wabambelela. ULydia wayekwazi ukudlala amahora amaningi emakhazeni, engenalo igumbi elinethezekile, ingasaphathwa eyokugezela. Ngalesi sikhathi, wayekhathazeke kakhulu ngendaba yokulondoloza izwi lakhe. Waphoqeleka ukuba aphuze imithi ukuze avikele iphimbo lakhe emakhazeni nasezifweni ezithathelwanayo.
Lapho kuqala iMpi Yezwe Yesibili, uLydia waphinde waba sohlwini lwamabutho ekhonsathi. Lesi sikhathi esinzima sempilo yomculi sandise igunya lakhe nokuthandwa. Imali ayeyithola wayeyisebenzisela ukuzithokozisa. URuslanova wathenga amadayimane, imidwebo nezinye izinto eziyigugu. Umngani weciko uyakhumbula:
“Kwakungeyona indlu, kodwa imnyuziyamu yangempela. Ngikhumbula ngokukhethekile usofa, owawumbozwe impungushe esiliva. Wayenemidwebo eminingi nebhokisi elinsundu. Ibhokisi laligcwele ubucwebe…”.
Ngonyaka wama-47 wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, iPolitburo yeKomidi Eliyinhloko le-All-Union Communist Party yamaBolsheviks yakhipha isinqumo esithi “Mayelana nokuklonyeliswa ngokungemthetho kwamaqabane. UZhukov noTelegin womculi u-L. Ruslanova ngemiyalo ye-USSR. Waphucwa umklomelo wakhe.
Ngemva konyaka, kwavela elinye icala elithakazelisayo, elalizwakala "njengetulo lezempi." Ngawo lowo nyaka, yena nomyeni wakhe baboshwa. Impilo kaLydia ethule yaphelela lapho.
ULydia Ruslanova: isiphetho somculi
Eminyakeni embalwa ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, kwamenyezelwa “uzungu lwamasosha”. Bonke ababejwayelene noMarshal Zhukov, kuhlanganise noRuslanov, bagcina bevalelwe. Ekupheleni kwawo-40, uLydia waboshwa kanye nomyeni wakhe. Umndeni wachaza yonke impahla etholiwe, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, izingoma zakhe zavalwa.
Lona wesifazane waphenywa isikhathi eside, wahlekwa usulu ngokuziphatha, wabe esegwetshwa - aboshwe. Wathunyelwa ekamu. ULydia wasuswa izikhathi eziningana ezindaweni ngezindawo. URuslanova wayephenywa ngezikhathi ezithile futhi wazama ukubamba mayelana noZhukov.
Ngesikhathi esejele, wazama ukungadikibali, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kwakungenakwenzeka. Wabhekana nakho konke ukuhlukunyezwa nokungcola okwakuthelwa phezu kwakhe. Ngisho nasekamu, uLidiya akazange azincishe ithuba lokucula izingoma azithandayo.
Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-50, owesifazane wagcina ejele Vladimir. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umlingisi uZ. Fedorova wakhonza isikhathi lapho. Abaculi baseSoviet bathola ulimi oluvamile. Ejele, uLydia wenqaba ukucula, futhi uzolalela uhlelo olwamukelwayo. Izikhathi eziningi wayesesitokisini sokujeziswa futhi izikhathi eziningana waphathwa inyumoniya.
Ngemva kokufa kukaStalin, umculi, kanye nomyeni wakhe, "waxolelwa." Ingxenye yendawo yabuyiselwa emndenini, futhi baqala ukuphila impilo ecishe ijwayelekile. Ukuphela kwento eyayimkhathaza uLydia ukuthi impilo yakhe yayintengantenga kakhulu. Akafunanga ngisho nokungena esiteji ngenxa yalokhu. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke ubekhathazwa wukuphoxeka phambi kwabantu abalandeli bakhe bebengeke besamhlonipha.
Nokho isimo sezimali salo mndeni sahlala sisincane kwadingeka abuyele esiteji. Imali etholakele wayichitha ekuhlelweni kwefulethi nasekuthengeleni umyeni wakhe imoto.
Ngemva kokushona komyeni wakhe, wenqaba ukuya esiteji isikhathi eside. U-Lydia wabulawa futhi wacindezelwa. Ngama-60s, wabonakala kuphela emisakazweni yomsakazo. Khona-ke umsebenzi wakhe wekhonsathi waphinde waba ngcono, kodwa, maye, hhayi isikhathi eside.
Lidia Ruslanova: imininingwane yokuphila kwakhe siqu
Impilo yakhe yomuntu siqu ingabizwa ngokuthi iphumelele. Wasinda kumanoveli amaningi futhi ubelokhu eyimpumelelo ngocansi oluqinile. Washada okokuqala esemncane. UVitaly Stepanov waba okhethiwe wakhe.
Ngemva konyaka, ingane yokuqala yazalwa emndenini. Eminye imithombo inolwazi lokuthi umyeni kaLydia wabaleka nenkosikazi yakhe, weba ingane naye. Eminye imithombo ibika ukuthi umfana ushone esemncane.
Wabe esejola nomuntu othile uNaum Naumin. Lona wesifazane wasamukela isiphakamiso sakhe sokubhalisa ubuhlobo obusemthethweni, futhi ngo-1919 basayina. Bahlala ndawonye iminyaka engu-10 ejabulisayo. Mhlawumbe izithandani zaqhubeka zijabulelana, kodwa ngokushesha uNaumin wacindezelwa. Indoda yadutshulwa. Wayesolwa ngokuba nengxenye enhlanganweni yamaphekula.
ULidiya akazange ahlale esesimweni somfelokazi isikhathi eside. URuslanova washada noMikhail Garkavy. Ufakwe ohlwini lwabanandisa, umlingisi nomculi wamahlaya. Nakulokhu umshado wawungenamandla kangako. ULydia wabonakala ebuhlotsheni noGeorgy Zhukov. Ukujwayelana kukaRuslanova noZhukov kwaba yingozi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhliziyo yobuhle yakhangwa uVladimir Kryukov othile. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi wayesafakwe ohlwini lomkaHarkavy. Kwakuyisizathu esikhulu sokushiya umyeni wakhe. Ngokushesha wabhalisa ubuhlobo noGeorge futhi waze wathatha imfundo yendodakazi kaKryukov, uMargarita.
UMargarita waba indodakazi kaLydia. Bachitha isikhathi esiningi ndawonye. Ngemva kokufa kukaRuslanova, uRita wakhumbula usingamama wakhe ngendlela enhle kuphela.
Ubuhlobo obuseduze bukaLydia noZhukov abuthonyanga nje kuphela isiphetho sakhe, kodwa futhi nesiphetho sikaVladimir. Umyeni washona ngo-1959, futhi waqhubeka engumfelokazi. Ngemva kokushona komyeni wakhe, akazange abonakale esiteji unyaka wonke.
Ukufa kukaLydia Ruslanova
Ngemva kokushona komyeni wakhe, impilo yakhe yawohloka kakhulu. Akazange avuke embhedeni isikhathi eside futhi wacela uRita ukuba amfundele izincwadi. Lapho lo mculi ezizwa ejabule, wavakashela izinkundla zemidlalo yeshashalazi futhi wajabulisa abalandeli bomsebenzi wakhe ngemidlalo. By the way, eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe wayengavunyelwe ukuya phesheya. Isimo somculi wabantu asizange sibuyiselwe kuyena.
Ngonyaka wama-73 wekhulu elidlule, wabonakala okokugcina esiteji. Umculi waseSoviet washona ngo-September 21, 1973. Wamelwa inhliziyo. Ngemva kwe-autopsy, kwaziwa ukuthi umculi wahlaselwa yinhliziyo kaningi empilweni yakhe. Isidumbu sakhe sangcwatshwa kwelinye lamathuna eMoscow.
Eminyakeni eyinkulungwane entsha, kwaboniswa ifilimu ethi "The Cruel Romance of Lidia Ruslanova". Isithombe esinyakazayo siyidlulisele kahle indlela yokuphila yeciko. Ngemva konyaka, umdlalo othi "The Lady" wenziwa endaweni yase-Irkutsk (Russia). Yanikezelwa enkumbulweni yomculi waseSoviet.
