Umnikazi we-contralto ejulile iMercedes Sosa waziwa njengezwi laseLatin America. Yajabulela ukuthandwa okukhulu ngeminyaka yawo-1960 ekhulwini elidlule njengengxenye ye-nueva canción (ingoma entsha).
UMercedes waqala umsebenzi wakhe eneminyaka engu-15, enza izingoma zezinganekwane nezingoma zababhali besimanje. Abanye ababhali, njengomculi waseChile u-Violetta Parra, badala imisebenzi yabo ikakhulukazi iMercedes.
Izwi lale ntombazane emangalisayo lalibonakala kude nemingcele yezwe lakubo, ukubukeka kwayo okungavamile nokunemibala kuye kwaba uphawu lwenkululeko yaseLatin America.
Ezingomeni zomculo zomculi, umuntu akakwazi ukuzwa kuphela isigqi samaNdiya aseLatin America, kodwa naseCuba naseBrazil ngaphakathi kokuqondisa.
Intsha yakwaMercedes Sosa
UMercedes wazalwa ngo-July 9, 1935 enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Argentina. Umkhaya wawumpofu futhi ngokuvamile wawudinga izinto eziyize. Indodakazi ezelwe yesizwe samaNdiya sama-Aymara yamunca isigqi nokunambitheka okucebile kwabantu bakubo.
Kodwa-ke, hhayi kuphela igazi lamaNdiya aseNingizimu Melika eligeleza egazini lomculi wase-Argentina onethalente, kodwa abafuduki baseFrance, baseNtaliyane naseSpain nabo bashiya ikhodi yabo yofuzo.
Kusukela esemncane, intombazane yabonisa isithakazelo emculweni, ingoma nokudansa. Lapho eneminyaka engu-15, uSosa wangenela umncintiswano womculo owawuhlelwe isiteshi somsakazo sendawo.
Ngemva kokuwina umklomelo, wasayina inkontileka yokusebenza yezinyanga ezimbili njengomculi wesintu. Manje yonke i-Argentina yayingezwa izwi lakhe elimangalisayo.
Ngokushesha intombazane yamenywa ukuba ibambe iqhaza ku-National Folklore Festival, okwakuwubufakazi bempumelelo yakhe emangalisayo.
Ngaleso sikhathi, kwavela isithakazelo kumculo wesintu e-Argentina, futhi uMercedes wathola ukuthandwa ngokunembile njengomculi wezingoma zomdabu.
Ngo-1959, uMercedes waqopha i-albhamu yakhe yokuqala, iLa Voz De La Zafra.
Ukufuduka kweMercedes Sosa ukuya eYurophu
Ngemva kokuketula umbuso wezempi we-Videla junta (1976), uMercedes waqala ukushushiswa ngenxa yemibono yakhe yezombangazwe, waze waboshwa kwelinye lamakhonsathi akhe.
Ngo-1980, umculi kwadingeka bathuthele eYurophu, lapho wahlala iminyaka emibili. Umbuso wezempi owasungulwa yi-junta ezweni awuzange unikeze noma yiliphi ithuba lokubamba amakhonsathi nokucula ngobulungisa.
Njengoba umculi wabiza ngokusobala izenzo zikahulumeni omusha ngokuthi "impi engcolile", waphoxeka ngokushesha. Kwakungenzeka ukukhulula uMercedes esitokisini kuphela ngenxa yesicelo sezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe.
Njengoba izwi lomculi lalibonisa ukuphelelwa ithemba kwabantu abavamile, i-junta yazama ukumthulisa. Kodwa ekudingisweni, lo mculi waqhubeka ecula ngezwe lakubo, futhi izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke zamuzwa.
EYurophu, uMercedes wahlangana nabaculi abavelele nabahlabeleli bezitayela ezihlukahlukene - umculi we-opera uLuciano Pavarotti, umculi waseCuba uSilvio Rodriguez, umculi womculo wase-Italy odumile nodumile u-Andrea Bocelli, umculi waseColombia uShakira nabanye abantu abavelele.
I-Mercedes yavakashela kakhulu emazweni ahlukene, eyenziwa kanye nabadlali abadumile nabadumile. Izingoma zakhe zaziveza imicabango yabantu ababecindezelwe yizigelekeqe, bephucwa wonke amalungelo abantu.
UMercedes wangena emlandweni wesiko lomculo njengomsunguli we-nueva canción movement.
Mercedes wabuyela ezweni lakubo ngo-1982 (emva kokugumbuqelwa kweJunta Videla), ngokushesha wahlela amakhonsathi amaningana.
Umculi ocula e-opera house yenhloko-dolobha, waqopha i-albhamu yomculo entsha (elandelayo). Ama-CD akhe adayiswe ngamanani amakhulu futhi athengiswa kakhulu.
Ukubuya kweMercedes
Ngemva kokubuya ekudingisweni ezweni lakubo, uMercedes waba isithixo sabantu bakubo, ikakhulukazi intsha. Amazwi ezingoma zakhe ayezwakala kuzo zonke izinhliziyo - wayazi indlela yokuheha abantu kuye ngobuqotho nangothando olumangalisayo.
Lapho uSosa ebuyela ezweni lakubo, kwaba negagasi elisha lokuthandwa kwakhe - umjikelezo omusha wodumo. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka ngenkani, umhlaba wonke wafunda ngalo mdlali omangalisayo wezinganekwane.
Ubuhle bezwi lomculi bathakaselwa futhi babizwa ngokuthi ngomunye wabahamba phambili emhlabeni. I-charisma nethalenta lomculi wamvumela ukuthi ahlanganyele nabaculi bezitayela ezahlukene, okwakuhlala kunothisa i-repertoire yakhe ngezisusa ezintsha nezigqi.
Lo mculi uphinde wethula abaculi abavela emazweni ahlukene emasikweni nezici zesiko lomculo lase-Argentina.
Isitayela esisha somculi
Ngawo-1960, uMercedes nomyeni wakhe wokuqala, uMatus Manuel, baphayona ingoma entsha ye-nueva cancion.
Abaculi ezingomeni zabo babelane ngokuhlangenwe nakho nezinjabulo zabasebenzi abavamile base-Argentina, baxoxelwa ngamaphupho nezinkathazo zabo ezingaphakathi.
Ngo-1976, umculi wenza uhambo emadolobheni aseYurophu naseMelika, okuyinto kwaba yimpumelelo kakhulu. Lolu hambo nokuxhumana nabantu abasha kwanothisa umthwalo womculo womculi, kwamgcwalisa ngezisusa nezigqi ezintsha.
Umsebenzi wokudala womculi wase-Argentina wathatha iminyaka engaba ngu-40, uSosa wanikela yonke iminyaka yakhe engcono kakhulu yokuphila kwakhe emculweni nasengoma. Umthwalo wakhe wokudala uqukethe ama-albhamu angama-40, iningi lawo bekungathengiswa kakhulu.
Izingoma zakhe ezidume kakhulu zibizwa kahle ngokuthi Gracias a la Vida ("Thanks to Life"), azibhalelwe umculi nomqambi waseChile u-Violetta Parra. Igalelo ekuthuthukisweni komculo walo wesifazane omangalisayo alinakulinganiswa ngokweqile.
