UMily Balakirev ungomunye wabantu abanethonya kakhulu ekhulwini le-XNUMX. Umbhidisi nomqambi wanikela impilo yakhe yonke emculweni, engabali isikhathi lapho i-maestro inqoba inkinga yokudala.
Waba umgqugquzeli wemibono, kanye nomsunguli womkhuba ohlukile kwezobuciko. U-Balakirev ushiye ifa elicebile. Izingoma ze-maestro zisazwakala nanamuhla. Imisebenzi yomculo kaMilia ingazwakala ezindlini ze-opera, emahholo ekhonsathi, imidlalo ewuchungechunge yesimanje namafilimu.
Ebuntwaneni umqambi Mily Balakirev
I-maestro yazalwa ngoJanuwari 2, 1837 endaweni yaseNizhny Novgorod. UMiliya waba nenhlanhla yokukhulela emndenini ohlakaniphile ngokwesiko. Umama wazinikela ekunakekeleni ikhaya nasekukhuliseni izingane. Inhloko yomndeni yayimele izicukuthwane, kanye nomeluleki wezikhundla.
Isizukulwane esidala sasingabalandeli benkolo yobuKristu yendabuko. Abazali bakhulise indodana yabo ngendlela efanele. Umfana wakhula eyingane ekholwayo kangangokuthi abazali bakhe babona kuyena nje umbhishobhi. UMilius wakwazi ukugcina uthando lwakhe ngoNkulunkulu. UVera wasiza Balakirev ezikhathini ezinzima kakhulu.
Kusukela esemncane, uMily wayewuthanda umculo. Umama wawaqaphela amakhono endodana yakhe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi waqala ukuwaveza. Lapho eneminyaka engu-6, umfana wahlala phansi upiyano okokuqala futhi waqala ukutadisha ngenkuthalo notation zomculo. Abazali abakhathalelayo bafuna ukuveza ngokugcwele amakhono endodana yabo, ngakho bamthumela eMoscow.
Umfundisi wentsha
Enhloko-dolobha yaseRussia, wathatha inkambo esheshisa inqubo yopiyano. Umqhubi onekhono nomculi u-Alexander Dubuc wasebenza noBalakirev. Lapho Balakirev ebuyela ezweni lakubo, waqhubeka nokufunda umculo. Ngalesi sikhathi uKarl Eiserich waba uthisha wakhe. Ngokushesha uKarl wethula umfundi wakhe onekhono ku-Ulybashev. I-philanthropist kanye nomculi kwaba nomthelela omkhulu ekwakhiweni kobuntu bukaMilia.
Endlini ka-Alexander Dmitrievich, imikhosi yayivame ukuqhutshwa, eyayihanjelwe ngabahlonishwayo bamasiko - abaculi abadumile, abaqambi, abalobi nezazi zefilosofi. Ngenxa yezenzakalo ezinjalo, uMilya wahlakulela ukunambitheka kobuhle.
U-Mily wachitha isikhathi esiningi edlala upiyano. Amakilasi aphela ngemuva kokushona kukamama obekungalindelekile. Inhloko yomndeni yashada okwesibili. Umkhaya waba mkhulu, futhi lokhu kwaholela ekwandeni kwemfucuza. Ubaba wayengasakwazi ukukhokhela indodana yakhe izifundo zomculo. Lapho esemusha, umfana wathunyelwa Nizhny Novgorod Noble Institute, lapho athola khona imfundo yesibili.
Ngokushesha wangena e-Faculty of Mathematics yaseKazan University njengevolontiya. Wayefuna ukufunda, kodwa amakilasi kwadingeka aphazamiseke ngemva konyaka. Isizathu sokushiya isikhungo semfundo ephakeme kwakuyimali enganele. UMilia wayengenayo enye indlela ngaphandle kokuthola umsebenzi. Wayeziphilisa ngomculo. Balakirev wafundisa notation zomculo wonke umuntu. Ngokuthakazelisayo, phakathi nalesi sikhathi waqamba izingcezu zokuqala zopiyano.
Indlela yokudala nomculo womqambi uMily Balakirev
Ulybashev, ebuka umngane onekhono, wanquma ukumyisa enhloko-dolobha yamasiko Russia. Lapho wethula uMilia kumqambi odumile uGlinka. UMikhail wazisa kakhulu imisebenzi yokuqala kaBalakirev futhi wameluleka ukuba angawushiyi umculo.
Ngo-1856, umqambi osemusha wethula izingoma zakhe zokuqala kubalandeli bomculo we-classical. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wabuye wabonakala njengomqhubi ngesikhathi sokudlalwa kwekhonsathi i-allegro ene-orchestra yepiyano.
Ukusebenza kokuqala kwe-maestro bekumangalisa. Umphakathi wawumthanda. Ngemuva komdlalo, uMilia wanikwa imisebenzi ethokozisayo. Umenywe ukuthi azocula emicimbini yangasese. Isimo sezimali sikaBalakirev saba ngcono. Okuwukuphela kwento eyayingamfanelanga kwakuwukuntuleka kwesikhathi samahhala ayengasichitha ebhala izingoma ezintsha zomculo.
Imisebenzi yakhe yayigcwele isitayela sikazwelonke saseRussia. U-Mily waduma emphakathini ophakeme. Ngalesi sikhathi kwaba isiqongo somsebenzi wekhonsathi ye-maestro. Kodwa noma kunjalo Balakirev waqaphela ukuthi wazalelwa ukudala umculo futhi adlulisele imibono emisha.
Unqume ukunciphisa inani lemidlalo. UMily waqala ukusebenza ekubhaleni izingoma zomculo. Yebo, lokhu kwaba ukulahlekelwa okukhulu. Kodwa Balakirev akazange azisole lutho, ngoba waqonda ukuthi lokhu kwaba isiphetho sakhe sangempela.
Ukusungulwa kwe-"Mighty Handful"
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1850, wenza abangane abasha. Umqambi waqala ukuxhumana no-V. Stasov no-A. Dargomyzhsky. Kwakunalezi zibalo zomphakathi, kanye noSerov, ukuthi wadala umphakathi onamandla we-Mighty Handful. Babenaka kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwesiko lesizwe, ikakhulukazi umculo. Nsuku zonke abaqambi abasha, abaculi kanye nabanye abalingiswa bamasiko bajoyina umphakathi.
Balakirev akakwazanga ukudlula amathalenta abasha. Wakubheka njengomsebenzi wakhe ukuqondisa amakhono abo endleleni efanele. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwasungulwa ithimba elikhulu lamaciko. Okubaluleke kakhulu, wonke umuntu wayenendlela yakhe yokwethula izinto zomculo. Izibalo zamasiko zahlala zangempela. Kodwa noma kunjalo babehlanganiswe uthando lomculo nesifiso sokusizana. Abamele umphakathi bakhuthaze umbono wobuzwe kwezobuciko besimanje.
U-Mily waqala ukuqamba izingcezu zepiyano nezothando zabasafufusa. Ngokushesha nje lapho eqala ukuqamba izingoma zokuqala ezinzima, wathonywa umqambi waseRussia uMikhail Glinka. Ngo-1866, i-maestro yaze yamema uMilia ukuba athathe isikhundla somqondisi wokukhiqizwa kwe-opera ethi A Life for the Tsar kanye noRuslan noLyudmila. U-Balakirev waqala ukusebenza ngenjabulo, ezibonisa njengomqhubi onethalente.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1860, kwaba nenkathi enzima ekuphileni kukaMilia. Wanyundelwa futhi wagxekwa. U-Balakirev wayesemaphethelweni. Wazizwa ecindezelekile. Iminyaka eminingana, i-maestro yashiya umculo. Akazange akhiphe izingoma ezintsha. Wayengenalo ugqozi lokusebenza ngejubane elithile. Eminyakeni engu-10 kuphela kamuva waqala ukubhala izincwadi ezintsha. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, wethula inkondlo ye-symphonic "Tamara".
Ekupheleni kuka-1890 kwakukhona isikhathi esimatasa kakhulu empilweni kaMilia. Iqiniso liwukuthi wethule inani elibalulekile lezingoma zepianoforte. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waqala ukuqamba izinkondlo ze-symphonic "E-Czech Republic" nethi "Rus".
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu ye-maestro
U-Mily Balakirev akakaze abe nokuzinza kwezezimali. Ngezinye izikhathi wayekwazi ukukhokhela izinto eziningi, kodwa ngokuvamile wayempofu. Umqambi wayengumuntu ohlakaniphile futhi othakazelisayo. Njenganoma iyiphi indoda, uMily wayenesithakazelo kwabesifazane. Kodwa umqambi akazange alinge ukudala ubuhlobo bomndeni nanoma ubani. Wayengashadile futhi engasenayo indlalifa. UBalakirev wayewuthanda kakhulu umculo. Futhi phakade wahlala ibachelor.
Naphezu kokuthi uMily waba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni umculo we-classic waseRussia naseYurophu, i-maestro ayizange imise itshe lesikhumbuzo kunoma yiliphi idolobha.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana ne-maestro
- Umqambi wayengumuntu oqotho impilo yakhe yonke. Wayehlale ecabanga ngesigodlo.
- UMilius wayengumphikisi oshisekayo wama-conservatories. Wayekholelwa ukuthi ithalenta langempela "lingakhuliswa" kuphela ekhaya.
- Ehlobo, waya eholidini eGatchina, indawo eqhelile yenhloko-dolobha yamasiko yaseRussia. Lapho esekhulile, wayethanda ngisho nangokwengeziwe ukuchitha isikhathi ekude nedolobha eliphithizelayo.
- Inkondlo ye-symphonic "Tamara" ayizange indiva "Izinkathi ZaseRussia". Waba nenhlanhla yokuhlangana noDiaghilev.
- Ngemva kokufa koMbusi u-Alexander III (ngo-1894), umqambi wesula esikhundleni sokuba inhloko yeNkantolo YaseNkantolo.
Ukufa komqambi uMily Balakirev
Umqambi washona ngoMeyi 29, 1910. Ngesikhathi efa, wayeneminyaka engu-73 ubudala. Wangcwatshwa emathuneni aseTikhvin eSt. Odokotela abakwazanga ukusho isizathu esibangele ukufa kukaBalakirev.
