Namuhla, umculi u-Modest Mussorgsky uhlotshaniswa nezingoma zomculo ezigcwele inganekwane nemicimbi yomlando. Umqambi akazange awele ngamabomu kumanje waseNtshonalanga. Ngenxa yalokhu, wakwazi ukuqamba izingoma zangempela ezazigcwele uhlamvu lwensimbi lwabantu baseRussia.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Kuyaziwa ukuthi umqambi wayeyisikhulu sofuzo. U-Modest wazalwa ngo-March 9, 1839 endaweni encane yaseKarevo. Umndeni kaMussorgsky wawuphila ngokuchuma kakhulu. Abazali bakhe babenomhlaba, ngakho babekwazi ukuziphilisa bona nezingane zabo.
Abazali bakwazile ukunikeza u-Modest ubuntwana obungenandaba nobujabulisayo. Wageza ngokunakekela unina, futhi kuyise wathola izindinganiso ezifanele zokuphila. UMussorgsky wakhulela ngaphansi kokunakekelwa komzanyana. Wagxilisa kumfana uthando lomculo nezindaba zezinganekwane zaseRussia. Lapho uModest Petrovich ekhula, wakhumbula lona wesifazane izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa.
Umculo waba nentshisekelo kuye kusukela ebuntwaneni. Kakade lapho eneminyaka engu-7 ubudala, wayesekwazi ukulalela umculo endlebeni, awuzwe emizuzwini embalwa edlule. Wayenekhono kakhulu ezincekwini zepiyano ezinzima. Naphezu kwalokhu, abazali abazange babone umqambi noma umculi endodaneni yabo. Ku-Modest, babefuna umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu.
Lapho umfana eneminyaka engu-10 ubudala, uyise wamthumela esikoleni saseJalimane, esasiseSt. Ubaba ubuyekeze imibono yakhe mayelana nokuzilibazisa kwendodana yakhe ngomculo, ngakho-ke, enhloko-dolobha yamasiko yaseRussia, u-Modest wafunda nomculi nothisha u-Anton Avgustovich Gerke. Ngokushesha uMussorgsky wethula umdlalo wakhe wokuqala ezihlotsheni zakhe.
Inhloko yomkhaya yajabula ngobuqotho ngempumelelo yendodana yayo. Ubaba wanikeza imvume yokufundisa ukufunda nomculo. Kodwa lokhu akuzange kumsuse isifiso sokukhulisa indoda yangempela endodaneni yakhe. Ngokushesha u-Modest wangena esikoleni sonogada. Ngokwenkumbulo yale ndoda, ukuqina nokuziphatha kwakubusa esikhungweni.
U-Mussorgsky wamukela ngokuphelele yonke imithetho emisiwe yesikole samaphoyisa onogada. Naphezu kwezifundo zakhe nokuqeqeshwa kanzima, akazange awushiye umculo. Ngenxa yekhono lakhe lomculo, waba umphefumulo wenkampani. Alikho nelilodwa iholide eladlula ngaphandle komdlalo weModest Petrovich. Maye, imidlalo eminingi engavamile yayihambisana neziphuzo ezidakayo. Lokhu kube nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kotshwala kumqambi.
Indlela yokudala yomqambi u-Modest Mussorgsky
Ngemva kokuphothula esikhungweni semfundo, uModest wathunyelwa e-St. Petersburg Preobrazhensky Regiment. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho umculi adlondlobala khona. Wahlangana nezikhulu zaseRussia.
Khona-ke i-Modest ivame ukubonakala endlini ka-Alexander Dargomyzhsky. Wakwazi ukujoyina umbuthano wezibalo zamasiko. U-Mily Balakirev weluleka umqambi ukuthi ashiye inkonzo yezempi futhi anikele impilo yakhe emculweni.
Indlela yokudala ye-maestro edumile yaqala lapho umqambi ecija amakhono akhe omculo. Wabe eseqaphela ukuthi wayecabanga ngokubanzi kakhulu kunamalungiselelo alula wezinsimbi zemisebenzi yamasymphonic. I-maestro yethula ama-scherzos ambalwa e-orchestra, kanye nomdlalo kaShamil's March. Imisebenzi yavunywa ngabamele isiko laseRussia, okwathi ngemva kwalokho uModest Petrovich wacabanga ngokudala ama-opera.
Eminyakeni emithathu eyalandela, wasebenza ngenkuthalo ekuqanjweni okusekelwe enhlekeleleni kaSophocles "Oedipus Rex". Wabe esesebenza ngesakhiwo se-opera ethi "Salambo" kaGustave Flaubert. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi akukho neyodwa imisebenzi engenhla ye-maestro eyake yaqedwa. Ngokushesha waphelelwa isithakazelo endalweni. Kodwa, cishe, akazange aqedele izingoma ngenxa yokuba umlutha wotshwala.
Izivivinyo
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1960 kungabonakala njengesikhathi sokuhlolwa komculo. U-Modest Petrovich, owayethanda kakhulu izinkondlo, waqamba umculo. "Ingoma Yabadala", "Tsar uSawule" futhi "Kalistrat" - lezi akuzona zonke izingoma eziye zaqashelwa izibalo zamasiko Russian. Le misebenzi yabangela isiko labantu emsebenzini we-maestro. UMussorgsky wathinta izinkinga zenhlalo emisebenzini yakhe. Izingoma zazigcwele idrama.
Kwabe sekufika isikhathi sezingoma zothando. Izingoma ezilandelayo zazidumile: "Svetik-Savishna", "Ingoma Yarema" futhi "Seminarian". Imisebenzi ethulwe yamukelwa ngemfudumalo abantu ababephila ngaleso sikhathi. I-Creativity Modest Petrovich yaqala ukuba nesithakazelo ngaphesheya kwemingcele yaseRussia. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960, kwethulwa ukwakheka okumangalisayo kwe-symphonic ethi "Midsummer Night on Bald Mountain" kwenzeka.
Ngaleso sikhathi, wayeyilungu lenhlangano iMighty Handful. Ukumuncwa okunesizotha, njengesipontshi, imibono kanye nezitayela zomculo, okwakubangelwa isimo sezombangazwe ezweni. I-maestro yaqonda ukuthi umsebenzi wezibalo zamasiko wawukwazi ukudlulisa usizi lwalezo zenzakalo ngokusebenzisa i-prism yomculo. I-Modest yakwazi ukuveza isithombe esimangalisayo sezenzakalo ezenzeka e-Rus esikhathini esidlule nanamuhla.
Abaqambi babefuna ukuletha ubuciko eduze nemicimbi yangempela. Ngakho, babefuna lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "amafomu amasha". Ngokushesha uMaestro wethula ingoma ethi "Umshado" emphakathini. Abadwebi bezinto eziphilayo babiza umsebenzi owethulwe ka-Mussorgsky ngokuthi "ukufudumala" ngaphambi kokwethulwa kobuciko bomhlaba wonke "Boris Godunov".
I-Modest Mussorgsky: Ukusebenza kalula
Umsebenzi ku-opera Boris Godunov waqala ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960. Kwaba lula kuModest Petrovich ukudlala izingxenye kangangokuthi kakade ngo-1969 waqeda umsebenzi we-opera. Yayihlanganisa izenzo ezine ezinesandulela. Elinye iqiniso liyathakazelisa: lapho ubhala ukwakheka, i-maestro ayizange isebenzise okusalungiswa. Wawukhulisa umqondo isikhathi eside futhi ngokushesha wawubhala phansi umsebenzi ebhukwini lokubhalela elihlanzekile.
U-Mussorgsky wembula ngokuphelele ingqikithi yomuntu ovamile kanye nabantu bebonke. Lapho umculi we-maestro ebona ukuthi ukuqanjwa kwaba kuhle kangakanani, wayeka amakhonsathi eyedwa ukuze athande amakwaya. Lapho befuna ukudlala i-opera e-Mariinsky Theatre, abaqondisi benqaba i-maestro, okwathi ngemva kwalokho uModes kwadingeka enze izinguquko ezithile emsebenzini.
Ngesikhashana nje umqambi wasebenza ekuqambeni. Manje i-opera inabalingisi abasha. Isiphetho, okwakuyisigcawu sabantu abaningi, sathola umbala okhethekile emsebenzini. Ukuqala kwe-opera kwenzeka ngo-1974. Ukwakheka kugcwaliswe ngezithombe zendabuko nemifanekiso enemibalabala. U-Petrovich onesizotha ngemva kombukiso wokuqala wageza emisebeni yenkazimulo.
Endabeni yokuduma nokuqashelwa, i-maestro yaqamba enye ingoma eyinganekwane. Umsebenzi omusha "Khovanshchina" uye waba brilliant kancane. Idrama yomculo wesintu ihlanganisa izenzo ezinhlanu namafilimu ayisithupha asekelwe kweyakhe i-freetto. UModest akawuqedanga umsebenzi wedrama yomculo.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, i-maestro yahlukaniswa phakathi kwemisebenzi emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ziningana izinto ezimvimbe ekuqedeni umsebenzi - wahlushwa wutshwala nobumpofu. Ngo-1879, abangane bakhe bamhlelele uhambo lokuvakashela amadolobha aseRussia. Lokhu kwamsiza ukuthi angafi ehlupheka.
Imininingwane impilo yomuntu siqu yomqambi I-Mossorgsky enesizotha
UMussorgsky wachitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe kokuqaphela nokudala eSt. Wayeyingxenye yabaseqophelweni eliphezulu. Amalungu omphakathi wokudala "Isandla Esinamandla" sasiwumndeni wangempela womculi. Wahlanganyela nabo injabulo nosizi.
I-maestro yayinabangane abaningi nabantu abahle abajwayele. Wayethandwa ubulili obuhle. Kodwa, maye, akekho noyedwa kwabesifazane bakhe ayebajwayele ongazange abe umkakhe.
Umculi nomqambi babe nobuhlobo obufushane noLyudmila Shestakova, udadewabo kaMikhail Glinka. Babhalelana izincwadi bevuma uthando lwabo. Akamshadanga. Esinye sezizathu ezingenzeka zokwenqaba ubudlelwano bezomthetho kungaba wukudakwa kukaMussorgsky.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngomqambi
- Uhlulekile ukuthola ukuqashelwa kwendawo yonke ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Kuphela ngekhulu lama-XNUMX imisebenzi ye-maestro yaziswa.
- Wayecula kamnandi futhi enezwi elimnandi elipholile.
- I-Modest Petrovich yayivame ukushiya imisebenzi emihle kakhulu ngaphandle kokuyiletha esiphethweni sayo esinengqondo.
- Umqambi wayefuna ukuhamba, kodwa akakwazanga ukukukhokhela. Wayeseningizimu yeRussia kuphela.
- Wayevame ukuhlala ezindlini nasemafulethini abantu ayejwayelene nabo. Ngoba ngemva kokushona kukayise, umqambi waba nezinkinga zezimali.
Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila komqambi odumile uModest Mussorgsky
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1870, impilo ye-maestro edumile yawohloka. Insizwa eneminyaka engu-40 ubudala isiphenduke ikhehla elibuthaka. UMussorgsky wayenezikhathi zokusangana. Konke lokhu bekungagwenywa. Kodwa ukuxokozela okungapheli kotshwala akuzange kushiye umqambi ithuba lokuphila okuvamile nokunempilo.
Isimo salo mculi siqashwe udokotela uGeorge Carrick. I-Modest Petrovich yamqasha ngokukhethekile, njengoba kamuva nje ehlushwa ukwesaba ukufa. UGeorge wazama ukuqeda umlutha wotshwala othobekile, kodwa akazange aphumelele.
Isimo salo mculi sibe sibi kakhulu ngemuva kokuxoshwa kwakhe enkonzweni. Wancipha waba mpofu. Ngokumelene nesizinda sesimo esingazinzile nesingokomzwelo, uModest Petrovich waqala ukuphuza kaningi. Wasinda ezihlahleni eziningana ze-delirium tremens. U-Ilya Repin wayephakathi kwalabo ababesekela i-maestro. Wakhokhela ukwelashwa, waze wapenda nesithombe sikaMussorgsky.
Ngo-March 16, 1881, waphinde wahlanya. Wabulawa yi-meth-alcohol psychosis. Umqambi wangcwatshwa endaweni yaseSt.
