U-Otis Redding wayengomunye wabaculi abanethonya elikhulu abavela emphakathini womculo we-Southern Soul ngeminyaka yawo-1960. Umculi wayenezwi elilukhuni kodwa elizwakalayo elalingadlulisela injabulo, ukuzethemba, noma ubuhlungu benhliziyo. Ulethe uthando nokungathí sina emazwini akhe abambalwa kontanga yakhe abangawafanisa.
Futhi ubengumqambi wamaculo onesiphiwo nokuqonda amathuba okudala enqubo yokuqopha. U-Redding waqashelwa kakhulu ekufeni kunasempilweni, futhi amarekhodi akhe ayephinde akhishwe njalo.
Iminyaka Yokuqala kanye Neziqalo Ze-Otis Redding
U-Otis Ray Redding wazalwa ngoSepthemba 9, 1941 eDawson, eGeorgia. Ubaba wakhe wayengumshumayeli we-sharecropper kanye nomshumayeli wesikhashana. Lapho umculi wesikhathi esizayo eneminyaka engu-3 ubudala, umndeni wakhe wathuthela eMacon, wahlala endaweni yokuhlala.
Uthole ulwazi lwakhe lokuqala lokucula eMacon's Vineville Baptist Church, ebambe iqhaza ekwayeni. Esemusha, wafunda ukudlala isiginci, izigubhu nopiyano. Ngenkathi esesikoleni esiphakeme, u-Otis wayeyilungu lebhendi yesikole samabanga aphezulu. Ubedlala njalo njengengxenye yomsakazo we-Sunday Morning osakazwa ku-WIBB-AM Macon.
Lapho umfana eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, wabhalisela umbukiso wamathalente wentsha wamasonto onke eDouglas Theatre. Ngenxa yalokho, ngaphambi kokuba akhishwe emncintiswaneni, wawina umklomelo oyinhloko ka-$15 izikhathi ezingu-5 zilandelana. Ngaso leso sikhathi, umculi washiya isikole futhi wajoyina i-Upsetters. Leli yiqembu elalidlala no-Little Richard ngaphambi kokuba umdlali wopiyano ashiye i-rock and roll ukuze acule ivangeli.
Ngethemba "lokuhamba phambili" ngandlela thile, uRedding wathuthela eLos Angeles ngo-1960. Lapho wacija ikhono lakhe lokubhala izingoma wajoyina iShooters. Ngokushesha leli qembu lakhipha ingoma ethi She's Alright, eyaba yingoma yalo yokuqala. Nokho, ngokushesha wabuyela eMacon. Futhi lapho wahlangana nomshayi wesigingci uJohnny Jenkins neqembu lakhe iPinetoppers.
I-Otis Redding Career
UFortune waqala ukumamatheka kumculi ngo-1965. NgoJanuwari wonyaka ofanayo, wakhulula i-That's How Strong My Love Is, eyaba ingoma ye-R&B. Futhi uMnu. U-Pitiful uphuthelwe yi-Pop Top 40 enombolweni yama-41. Kodwa I'm Been Loving You Too Long (To Stop Now) (1965) yafinyelela kuNombolo 2 ku-R&B, yaba eyokuqala yomculi ukushaya i-pop top 40, yafinyelela kunombolo-21.
Ekupheleni kuka-1965, u-Otis waba nesifiso sokuvelela njengomculi. Wagxila ekhonweni lakhe lokubhala izingoma, wafunda ukudlala isiginci futhi wahileleka kakhulu ekuhleleni nasekukhiqizeni.
Umdwebi ubengumdlali obukhoma ongakhathali, evame ukuvakasha. Futhi wayengusomabhizinisi ohlakaniphile owayephethe isitudiyo somculo futhi watshala izimali ngempumelelo ezindaweni ezithengiswayo kanye nasezimakethe zamasheya. Ngo-1966 kwakhululwa i-The Great Otis Redding Sings Soul Ballads futhi, ngekhefu elifushane, i-Otis Blue: Otis Redding Sings Soul.
Ukuduma komculi
Ngo-1966, u-Otis wakhulula inguqulo yekhava enesibindi ye-Rolling Stones Satisfaction. Kube enye ingoma eshisa izikhotha ye-R&B nokuholele ekutheni abanye bacabange ukuthi lo mculi kungenzeka ukuthi ungumbhali weqiniso wale ngoma. Ngawo lowo nyaka, waklonyeliswa ngendondo ye-NAACP futhi wadlala kuWhisky A Go Go eHollywood.
U-Redding ube ngumculi wokuqala omkhulu we-soul ukucula kulesi siteji. Futhi umsindo wekhonsathi ukhulise isithunzi sakhe kubalandeli be-rock 'n' roll abamhlophe. Ngawo lowo nyaka wamenywa ukuba avakashele eYurophu nase-United Kingdom, lapho amukelwa khona ngesasasa elikhulu.
Umshicileli womculo waseBrithani uMelody Maker uqambe u-Otis Redding i-vocalist ehamba phambili yango-1966. Lokhu ukuhlonishwa u-Elvis Presley akutholile iminyaka eyi-10 ilandelana.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, umculi wakhipha ama-albhamu amabili aqinile futhi e-eclectic: I-albhamu yomphefumulo kanye ne-Complete nengakholakali: I-Otis Redding Dictionary of Soul, lapho ahlola khona imiculo yesimanje ye-pop namazinga amadala ngesitayela sakhe esithinta umoya. Kanye nengcaphuno evela kuDictionary of Soul (incazelo eshisekayo ye-Try a Little Tenderness), esibe enye yamahithi akhe amakhulu kuze kube manje.
Isikhathi sokugcina sempilo nokufa kuka-Otis Redding
Ekuqaleni kuka-1967, u-Otis wangena estudiyo nesihlabani somphefumulo uCarla Thomas ukuyoqopha i-albhamu njengeqembu le-duo King & Queen, elazala amahithi amaningi e-Tramp kanye ne-Knock on Wood. Khona-ke u-Otis Redding wethula i-protégé yakhe, umculi u-Arthur Conley. Futhi iculo alikhiqizela uConley, i-Sweet Soul Music, lathengwa kakhulu.
Ngemva kokukhululwa kuka-Sgt. I-Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (The Beatles) phezulu kwamashadi, i-albhamu yayiwucingo olukhulu lokunyakaza kwama-hippie. U-Redding ugqugquzelwe ukuthi abhale izinto ezinendikimba nezifiso. Waqinisa isithunzi sakhe ngokudlala ngendlela evusa amadlingozi kuMonterey Pop Festival, lapho aheha khona isixuku.
Khona-ke umculi wabuyela eYurophu ukuze aqhubeke nokuvakasha. Lapho ebuya, waqala umsebenzi wokwenza izinto ezintsha, okuhlanganisa nengoma ayibheka njengempumelelo yokuqamba, (Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay. U-Otis Redding uqophe le ngoma e-Stax Studio ngoDisemba 1967. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, yena nethimba lakhe bahamba bayokwenza uchungechunge lwamakhonsathi eMidwest.
NgoDisemba 10, 1967, u-Otis Redding neqembu lakhe bagibela indiza yakhe balibangisa eMadison, eWisconsin kwenye igigi yekilabhu. Indiza iphahlazeke eMonona Lake eDane County, eWisconsin ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi. Le ngozi idlule nemiphefumulo yawo wonke umuntu obegibele, ngaphandle kukaBen Cauley waseBar-Kays. U-Otis Redding wayeneminyaka engu-26 kuphela ubudala.
Ukuvuma kwangemva kokufa kuka-Otis Redding
(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay yanyatheliswa ekuqaleni kuka-1968. Ngokushesha yaba ingoma enkulu yomculi, idlula amashadi omculo we-pop futhi yawina Izindondo ezimbili ze-Grammy.
NgoFebhuwari 1968, kwakhululwa iThe Dock of the Bay, iqoqo lezingoma ezingashadile nezingakhishiwe. Ngo-1989, wangeniswa e-Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Ngo-1994, lo mculi wangeniswa e-BMI Songwriters Hall of Fame. Ngo-1999, waklonyeliswa ngendondo ye-Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.
