URavi Shankar ungumculi nomqambi. Lesi ngesinye sezibalo ezidume kakhulu nezinethonya esikweni lamaNdiya. Waba neqhaza elikhulu ekwandiseni umculo wesintu ezweni lakubo emphakathini waseYurophu.
Ubuntwana nobusha
URavi wazalelwa eVaranasi ngo-Ephreli 2, 1920. Wakhulela emndenini omkhulu. Abazali baqaphela ukuthambekela kokudala kwendodana yabo, ngakho bamthumela ku-choreographic ensemble kamalume wakhe u-Uday Shankar. Iqembu alizange livakashele eNdiya lakubo kuphela. Iqembu selivakashele kaningi emazweni aseYurophu.
U-Ravi wathola injabulo enkulu ngokudansa, kodwa ngokushesha wakhangwa olunye uhlobo lobuciko - umculo. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-30, wanquma ukufunda ukudlala i-sitar. U-Allaudin Kan wavuma ukufunda nensizwa enekhono.
Ngokushesha wafunda ukudlala insimbi yomculo. URavi waze wasungula nesitayela sakhe sokwethula imisebenzi yomculo. Wazibamba ecabanga ukuthi ngaphezu kwakho konke uthanda ukwenziwa ngcono. Maphakathi nawo-40s, waqamba izingoma zakhe zokuqala.
Indlela yokudala nomculo kaRavi Shankar
I-debut ye-Ravi-sitarist yenzeka ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-30s e-Allahabad. Uyaqala ngqa ukucula njengomculi yedwa. Le nsizwa yasheshe yabonwa ngabamele imboni yomculo. Ngemva kwalokho, waqala ukuthola ezinye izeluleko ezilingayo. Maphakathi nawo-40s, waqamba ingoma ehambisana nomculo we-ballet Immortal India. I-oda livela eQenjini LamaKhomanisi.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-40 wazinza eBombay. U-Ravi uya ngokuya eqala ukuxhumana nezibalo zamasiko. Uqamba okuhambisana nomculo we-ballet ne-opera, wenza njengomculi weseshini ngamaqembu kanye nokuvakasha njalo.
Ngemva kokubhala umculo we-ballet "The Discovery of India" - impumelelo yashaya u-Ravi. Uvuka ngokoqobo njengomqambi odumile. Ngokushesha wathatha isikhundla sokuba umqondisi wezinhlelo zomculo. Ngemva konyaka, waba inhloko esiteshini somsakazo All India Radio. Kuze kube maphakathi nawo-50, wasebenza emsakazweni.
Maphakathi nawo-50s, abathandi bomculo waseSoviet bajwayelana nomsebenzi kaShankar, futhi eminyakeni embalwa kamuva bazi ngaye emazweni aseYurophu naseMelika. Ezweni lakubo, ukuthandwa kukaRavi kwakukukhulu kakhulu. Wayekhonzwa futhi ekhonzwa. Ngo-1956, umculi wajabula ngokukhululwa kwe-albhamu eyedwa. I-albhamu yayibizwa ngokuthi i-Three Ragas.
Ukuduma kukaRavi Shankar
Eminyakeni yama-60 yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kwafika inani eliphakeme lokuthandwa kwesiko lamaNdiya. KuRavi, lesi simo sasisho into eyodwa - ukukala kwakhe kudlule ophahleni. Ilungu le-Beatles yodumo, uGeorge Harrison, wayephakathi kwabathandi bomsebenzi kaShankar. UGeorge waba umfundi kaRavi. Emisebenzini yakhe yomculo, wasebenzisa ama-Indian motifs. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, u-Harrison wathatha ukukhiqizwa kwama-LP ambalwa ngumqambi waseNdiya.
Ekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-60, umpetha washicilela izinkumbulo zakhe ngesiNgisi, Umculo Wami, Ukuphila Kwami. Namuhla, ukwakheka kwethulwe kubhekwa njengomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu onikezelwe kumculo wendabuko waseNdiya. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva washicilela i-autobiography yesibili, ehlelwe nguGeorge Harrison.
Maphakathi nawo-70s, umndeni nabangane be-LP Shankar badlala okokuqala. Iqoqo lamukelwe ngenkulu inhlokomo abalandeli. Ngegagasi lokuduma, i-maestro yethula iqoqo loMkhosi Womculo waseNdiya. Wachitha iminyaka elandelayo emikhosini emikhulu. Ekuqaleni kwawo-80s, uRavi wadlala esiteji eRoyal Festival Hall eLondon.
Umsebenzi womqambi awuwona nje owakudala. Wayekhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa futhi wajabulela ukuhlola umsindo. Ngomsebenzi omude wokudala, wabambisana nabaculi abahlukahlukene bangaphandle. Lokhu kwakuvame ukuthukuthelisa abalandeli baseNdiya, kodwa ngokuqinisekile akuzange kunciphise inhlonipho ngomculi.
Wayengumuntu ofundile futhi ofundile. URavi ukwazile ukuthola ukuhlonishwa endimeni yomculo. Izikhathi eziningi wayephethe indondo ye-Grammy ezandleni zakhe, futhi wayengumnikazi weziqu zobudokotela ezingu-14.
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu yeciko
Ekuqaleni kwawo-40, washada no-Annapurna Devi othakazelisayo. Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, umndeni waba ngaphezulu ngumuntu oyedwa - unkosikazi wabeletha indlalifa Ravi. Unkosikazi naye ubengowabantu abadalile. Ngokushesha kwaba nzima ngabo ukuba ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa. Kodwa, u-Ravi no-Annapurne abazange bahlukane ngenxa yezimo zokungqubuzana. Iqiniso liwukuthi owesifazane wabamba umyeni wakhe ukukopela nomdansi Kamalov Shastri.
Ngemuva kwesehlukaniso, kwaba nokuzola phambi kukaRavi isikhathi esithile. Ngokushesha umphakathi wezwa ngendaba kaShankar noSue Jones. Ekushoneni kwelanga ngawo-70s, lo mbhangqwana waba nendodakazi. Ngo-1986, abalandeli baqaphela ukuthi uRavi ushiye owesifazane. Njengoba kwenzeka, wayenobudlelwane ohlangothini.
U-Sukanye Rajan - waba uthando lokugcina lomqambi. Umbhangqwana wawusebudlelwaneni obuvulekile isikhathi eside, kodwa ngokushesha i-maestro yahlongoza intombazane. Ngonyaka wama-81 wekhulu elidlule, lo mbhangqwana unendodakazi. Womathathu amadodakazi kaRavi alandela ezinyathelweni zikayise. Benza umculo.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngomqambi u-Ravi Shankar
- Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-60s, wabamba iqhaza emkhosini odumile weWoodstock.
- Ngawo-80 wanikeza amakhonsathi noYehudi Menuhin ngokwakhe.
- UHarrison uthe ngomsebenzi womqambi: "URavi ungubaba womculo womhlaba."
- Ngasekupheleni kwawo-90, waklonyeliswa ngomklomelo ohlonishwa kakhulu eNdiya, iBharat Ratna Award.
- Umsebenzi womhlaba womqambi ufakwe ku-Guinness Book of Records njengende kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ukufa kwe-maestro
Ekuqaleni kwawo-90, umqambi wahlinzwa inhliziyo. U-Ravi ufake i-valve ekhethekile eyenza umsebenzi wenhliziyo ube ojwayelekile. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, wabuyela ekuphileni okusebenzayo. Odokotela baphikelela ngokuthi akahambe esiteji, kodwa uRavi waqhubeka nokuyeka amakhonsathi afinyelela kwangu-40 ngonyaka. Umqambi wathembisa ukuyeka ngo-2008, kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, wenza kwaze kwaba ngu-2011.
Ngo-December 2012, isimo sakhe saba sibi kakhulu. Umculi waqala ukukhononda ngokuthi kunzima kuye ukuphefumula. Odokotela banquma ukuphinda ukuhlinzwa. Umgomo wokuhlinzwa uwukubuyisela kabusha i-valve.
Inhliziyo yakhe ayikwazanga ukusinda kulokhu kuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi. Washona eneminyaka engu-92. Inkumbulo yomqambi waseNdiya ilondolozwe ngezingoma zakhe zomculo, ukuqoshwa kwekhonsathi nezithombe ezishicilelwe ku-inthanethi.
