Alexander Dargomyzhsky - umculi, umqambi, umqhubi. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, iningi lemisebenzi yomculo ye-maestro yahlala ingaziwa. UDargomyzhsky wayeyilungu lenhlangano yokudala ethi "Mighty Handful". Ushiye amaculo agqamile wepiyano, i-orchestra kanye nezwi.
I-Mighty Handful iyinhlangano yokudala, ehlanganisa abaqambi baseRussia kuphela. I-Commonwealth yasungulwa eSt. Petersburg ngasekupheleni kwawo-1850.
Ubuntwana nobusha
I-maestro ivela esifundeni saseTula. Usuku lokuzalwa lukaDargomyzhsky ngoFebhuwari 14, 1813. Ababhali bokuphila kwabo basaphikisana ngokuthi u-Alexander wazalelwa kuphi. Ochwepheshe bathambekele ekukholelweni ukuthi uvela edolobhaneni elincane laseVoskresenskoye.
Abazali bakhe babengahlobene nokudala. Lapho u-Alexander eba nokuthambekela emculweni, bamangala kakhulu. Inhloko yomndeni yayisebenza ebhange elingaphansi koMnyango Wezezimali. Umama wayevela emndenini ocebile wenkosana. Kuyaziwa ukuthi abazali wesifazane wayengafuni ukunikeza indodakazi Sergei Nikolaevich (uyise ka-Alexander). Kodwa, uthando lwaba namandla kunesimo sezimali. Lo mndeni wawunezingane eziyisithupha.
Lapho ubaba ethola isikhundla ehhovisi, umkhaya wathuthela eSt. Enhloko-dolobha yezamasiko yaseRussia, u-Alexander uthatha izifundo zepiyano. Ngokushesha uyabona ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kuseduze naye. Ngalesi sikhathi, wethula ingoma yokuqala yomculo.
ULouis Wolgenborn (uthisha womculo) wancoma umfundi onekhono. Wakhuthaza zonke izivivinyo zokuqamba zomfana. Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi, uDargomyzhsky wayeseqambe izingcezu zepiyano eziningana nezothando.
Abazali babengabaza ngemisebenzi yomculo yendodana yabo. Abazange babone ithalenta elingako kuye. Inhloko yomndeni yaphikelela ekuphawuleni komculo nokuqeqeshwa kwezwi. UDargomyzhsky wabambisana nothisha ngenkuthalo. Lokhu kube nomthelela ekubonakaleni komculi emakhonsathini enhlangano esiza umphakathi. Ngokushesha wangena ehhovisi lenkantolo. Khona-ke u-Alexander wathatha izinyathelo zokuqala eziya ekuphileni okuzimele. U-Dargomyzhsky akazange ashiye umculo futhi waqhubeka nokugcwalisa i-repertoire ngemisebenzi emisha.
Indlela yokudala yomqambi u-Alexander Dargomyzhsky
Ngosizo lwesandla esilula sikaMikhail Glinka, indlela yokudala ka-Alexander Dargomyzhsky yaqala. U-Glinka wathatha ukuqeqeshwa komqambi we-novice. Wasiza ekuqondeni ubunkimbinkimbi bokuqamba ingoma esebenzisa umsebenzi wozakwethu bakwamanye amazwe njengesibonelo.
Ephefumulelwe ulwazi olusha, uDargomyzhsky uvakashela njalo izindlu ze-opera. Ngaleso sikhathi, imisebenzi yabaqambi base-Italy yazwakala kubo. Ekupheleni kwawo-30, i-maestro yanquma ukubhala i-opera yayo. Waphefumulelwa ukuba abhale umsebenzi ngedrama yomlando kaVictor Hugo "Lucretia Borgia". Ngokushesha kwadingeka awuyeke lo mbono, ngoba waqaphela ukuthi le noveli yayinzima kakhulu ukuyiqonda.
Waphendukela emsebenzini othi "Notre Dame Cathedral". Ngokusekelwe kule noveli, i-maestro yaqala ngokubhala i-opera. Ekuqaleni kwawo-40, umqambi wanikezela umsebenzi ophelile kubaholi be-Imperial Theatre.
Iminyaka eminingana, i-opera i-Esmeralda yayiqoqa uthuli. Akazange acatshangelwe isikhathi eside. Ngo-1847, u-Esmeralda nokho wadlalwa esiteji semidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseMoscow. U-Alexander wayethemba ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala uzomlethela impumelelo, kodwa akuzange kwenzeke isimangaliso. I-opera yamukelwa kahle ngabagxeki nomphakathi. Okunye okuthi "Esmeralda" akuzange kubekwe kusiteji.
UDargomyzhsky waphelelwa yithemba. Ikakhulukazi isimo sakhe saba sibi kakhulu ngemva kokuduma komeluleki wakhe uMikhail Glinka. Okwesikhashana, wanquma ukuyeka ukubhala. U-Alexander waqala ukufundisa umculo namazwi amantombazane ahloniphekile. Ngokushesha uqala ukubhala ezothando. Imisebenzi yomculo we-maestro iyimpumelelo ephelele nabantu besikhathi sakhe.
Ukuhamba emazweni aseYurophu
Khona-ke u-Alexander wanquma ukuya ohambweni lwakhe lokuqala phesheya. Uthole ithuba lokuxhumana nabameleli abaqavile bomculo we-classic waphesheya. Kamuva, kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, walondoloza ubuhlobo bobungane noCharles Berio, uHenri Vietan noGaetano Donizetti.
Ngo-1848 wabuyela endaweni yaseRussia. U-Alexander, ehlatshwe umxhwele uhambo, wanquma ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi emisebenzini emikhulu. Waqala ukubhala opera "Mermaid". Lo msebenzi wawusekelwe emsebenzini kaPushkin. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wajabulisa abalandeli ngesethulo sezothando uMelnik, Crazy, No Joy noDarling Girl. Imisebenzi yamukelwa ngemfudumalo hhayi abalandeli kuphela, kodwa nabagxeki bomculo.
Ngo-1855 waphothula umsebenzi weThe Mermaid. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, u-Alexander wethula umsebenzi emphakathini onzima. I-opera yaziswa kakhulu abantu besikhathi somqambi. Izinkathi ezimbalwa zonyaka, "Mermaid" yadlalwa esiteji se-capital Theatre.
Esandleni sokuduma, uqamba ama-symphonic overtures agqamile. Sikhuluma ngemisebenzi ethi "Cossack Ukraine", "Baba Yaga" futhi "Chukhonskaya Fantasy". Ezingomeni zomculo ezethulwe, umuntu angazwa ithonya labamele i-Mighty Handful.
Abantu abasha abajwayele bamnike ithuba lokuhlolisisa izici zezitayela ezintsha zomculo. Ngokushesha wazama isandla sakhe ohlotsheni lwezothando lwansuku zonke. Ukuze uzwe izingoma zothando zansuku zonke ezivela eDargomyzhsky, ungalalela izingoma ezithi "Dramatic Song", "Old Corporal" ne "Titular Counselor".
Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo, uya phesheya futhi. Abaqambi baseYurophu babegcwele imisebenzi ye-maestro yaseRussia. Benza izingoma "ezinamanzi" kakhulu zikaDargomyzhsky ngobunye bobusuku bokudala.
Ukuhambahamba eYurophu kwamkhuthaza umqambi. U-Alexander wayefuna ukuqala ukuqamba enye i-opera, kodwa kwadingeka ahlehlise umbono okwesikhashana. Impilo kaDargomyzhsky ayiphumelelanga, futhi into kuphela ayengayijabulisa ngayo umphakathi kwakuyiqoqo le-Mazepa, kanye nezinombolo eziningana zamakhora.
Alexander Dargomyzhsky: ukuphila siqu
Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, wabuyela emcabangweni wokudala i-opera. Khona-ke waba nesithakazelo emsebenzini ka-Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "The Stone Guest". Ngokushesha nje lapho eqala ukuqamba i-opera, wabhekana nalokho okuthiwa inkinga yokudala. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-opera yakhe ethi "Mermaid" ayizange ifakwe kumaphosta aseshashalazini.
Akakwazanga ukululama isikhathi eside, kodwa ngenxa yokusekelwa abaqambi abanethonya nabalandeli, uDargomyzhsky wangena ebhizinisini. Waqala ukubhala ethi The Stone Guest. Wakwazi ukubhala izinto eziningi zomculo. Maye, ngenxa yokufa kwe-maestro, abaqambi abaseduze baqeda i-opera.
Kuyo yonke impilo yakhe ende yokudala, i-maestro yayilokhu ilandelwa ukwehluleka. Lesi simo sabonakala empilweni yomuntu siqu yomqambi. Maye, akazange akwazi ukujabulela injabulo yomkhaya. Wayengenankosikazi futhi engenabantwana.
Akazange aphumelele ngobulili obuhle. Kodwa-ke, wayenamanoveli amafushane, ekugcineni awazange aholele kunoma yini engathi sína.
Kwaba namahemuhemu ukuthi wayenobuhlobo bothando noLyubov Miller. Wafundisa intombazane amazwi. Wabe exhunywe ubungane isikhathi eside Lyubov Belenitsyna. Wanikela ngezothando ezimbalwa kulo wesifazane.
Ngemva kokufa kukamama uDargomyzhsky wenza isipho esihle kubalimi. Wabakhulula emthwalweni we-serfdom. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Alexander wabanika izwe labo, lapho basebenza khona futhi bangathola ukuphila okuvamile. Kwakuwukuziphatha okungavamile endodeni yangaleso sikhathi. Abantu besikhathi samanje babiza u-Alexander ngokuthi umnikazi wendawo onobuntu kunabo bonke.
Wahlangana nobaba osekhulile. Ngemva kokufa kwenhloko yomndeni, uDargomyzhsky ekugcineni wadumala ekuphileni. Ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo kube nomthelela omubi enhlalakahleni yomqambi. Kwaba nzima kuye ukunaka ukubhala i-opera ethi The Stone Guest.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana ne-maestro u-Alexander Dargomyzhsky
- U-Alexander wayeyindoda ecindezelekile. Umqambi uncamele ukuchitha isikhathi eyedwa.
- Wathola ugqozi ezindongeni zendlu kayise. Kuphela lapha wayenethezekile futhi ethokomele ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Ngemva kokushona kukayise, akakwazanga ukuhlala endlini yabazali bakhe. Ukufa kothandekayo kwamhlukumeza. Wazinza endlini kadadewabo wabe eseqasha ikamelo emzini wakhe.
- Imali yokukhiqizwa kwe "The Stone Guest" yaqoqwa cishe yonke iSt. I-maestro yabonisa ukuthi intengo yomsebenzi wakhe ingama-ruble angu-3000 1000. I-Imperial Theatre yanikeza umqambi ama-ruble angaphezu kuka-XNUMX XNUMX.
Ukufa kuka-maestro u-Alexander Dargomyzhsky
Phakathi nohambo oluya eYurophu, u-Alexander wagula nge-rheumatism. Akazange anake impilo efanele futhi waqhubeka nokuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ekudaleni. Ngo-1968, isimo somqambi sonakala kakhulu. Wakhononda ngobuhlungu enhliziyweni yakhe. Ukujikeleza okungalungile kwabangela ukufa kukaDargomyzhsky.
Wayazi ukuthi uzokufa ngokushesha. U-Alexander akazange alibale ngentando. Umqambi uphathise uCaesar Antonovich Cui noNikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov ukuthi baqedele i-opera ethi The Stone Guest.
Abaqambi bavuma ukugcwalisa umyalo wokugcina ka-Alexander, kodwa namanje ezinhliziyweni zabo babenethemba lokuthi uzoba ngcono. Maye, isimangaliso asenzekanga.
U-Alexander wafa ngoJanuwari 5, 1969. Wabulawa yi-aneurysm. Umcimbi womngcwabo wenziwa ezinsukwini ezi-4 kamuva. Akubona abantu abasondelene kuphela, kodwa nabalandeli bobuciko babezombona ehamba ohambweni lwakhe lokugcina. Ngemva komngcwabo, uTretyakov wayala umdwebi uKonstantin Makovsky isithombe somqambi esithombeni.
