Mstislav Rostropovich - Soviet umculi, umqambi, umqhubi, isibalo somphakathi. Waklonyeliswa imiklomelo yombuso ehlonishwayo kanye nemiklomelo, kodwa, naphezu kwenani eliphakeme kakhulu lomsebenzi womqambi, iziphathimandla zaseSoviet zazihlanganisa uMstislav "kuhlu lwabamnyama". Ukucasuka kweziphathimandla kwakubangelwa ukuthi uRostropovich, kanye nomndeni wakhe, bathuthela eMelika phakathi nawo-70s.
Ubuntwana nobusha
Umqambi uvela ku-Baku libalele. Wazalwa ngo-March 27, 1927. Abazali bakaMstislav babehlobene ngokuqondile nomculo, ngakho bazama ukuthuthukisa ubuciko endodaneni yabo. Inhloko yomndeni yayidlala i-cello, kanti unina wayedlala upiyano. Babengabaculi abakhokhelwayo. Lapho eneminyaka emine, u-Rostropovich Jr. wayephethe upiyano futhi wayekwazi ukukhiqiza izingoma ezisanda kuzwakala ngendlebe. Ngo-8, uyise wafundisa indodana yakhe ukudlala i-cello.
Kakade 30s zakuqala, umndeni wathuthela enhloko-dolobha yaseRussia. Edolobheni elikhulu, ekugcineni wangena esikoleni somculo. Ubaba wethalente elincane wafundisa esikhungweni semfundo. Ekupheleni kwawo-30, kwaba khona ikhonsathi yokuqala Rostropovich.
Ngemva kokuthola imfundo yesibili, Mstislav waqhubeka wafuna ukuthuthukisa indlela ekhethiwe. Yangena le nsizwa endaweni yokugcina izingane. Wayenephupho lokuthuthukisa futhi efuna ukuqamba izingoma. Mstislav akakwazanga ukuqaphela izinhlelo zakhe, kusukela iMpi Yezwe Yesibili yaqala e-USSR. Umndeni uthuthelwe e-Orenburg. Lapho eneminyaka engu-14, wangena esikoleni somculo, lapho ubaba wakhe efundisa khona. E-Orenburg, uRostropovich waqala ukuhlela amakhonsathi okuqala.
Isiqalo sokudala saqala ngemva kokuba uRostropovich ethole umsebenzi e-opera house. Lapha uqamba imisebenzi yepiyano ne-cello. Ekuqaleni kwawo-40, uMstislav wayelandela umkhondo womculi nomqambi othembisayo.
Ngonyaka wama-43 wekhulu elidlule, umndeni wakwaRostropovich wabuyela enhloko-dolobha yaseRussia. Insizwa yaqhubeka nezifundo zayo esikoleni. Othisha babewazisa kakhulu amakhono omfundi.
Maphakathi nawo-40 ekhulwini elidlule, wathola idiploma ngezindlela ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa: umqambi kanye cellist. Ngemva kwalokho, Mstislav wangena esikoleni esiphakeme. U-Rostropovich waqala ukufundisa ezikoleni zomculo eSt. Petersburg naseMoscow.
Mstislav Rostropovich: Indlela Creative
Ekupheleni kwawo-40, uMstislav akajabulisanga kuphela abalandeli baseRussia bomculo we-classic ngokudlala - wavakashela eKyiv okokuqala. Waqinisa igunya lakhe ngokunqoba emiqhudelwaneni yomculo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uRostropovich wavakashela amazwe amaningi aseYurophu. Impumelelo yamazwe ngamazwe iqinisa igunya lakhe. Wayelokhu eluthuthukisa ulwazi lwakhe. Wayefuna ukuba ngcono. Wacija amakhono akhe futhi wasebenza kanzima.
Maphakathi nawo-50, emkhosini wasePrague Spring, wahlangana nomculi we-opera ohlakaniphile uGalina Vishnevskaya. Kusukela lapho, bavame ukubonakala ndawonye. Galina wenza ephelezelwa Mstislav.
Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, Rostropovich wenza DEBUT yakhe njengoba umqhubi. Wama endaweni umqhubi ngesikhathi ukukhiqizwa "Eugene Onegin" at Bolshoi Theatre. Wazizwa esendaweni efanele. Ithalente lakhe njengomqhubi laziswa kakhulu hhayi kuphela izilaleli, kodwa nozakwabo.
Ekupheleni kwe-50s, umculi wayedingeka kakhulu. On igagasi ukuthandwa, ufundisa esikhungweni semfundo, uqhuba Bolshoi Theatre, izinkambo futhi ubhala imisebenzi yomculo.
Wayenombono wakhe ngakho konke. UMstislav wayekwazi ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile ngomculo wesimanje kanye nesimo samanje e-USSR. Imibuzo eyayikhathaza i-maestro ayizange ibonakale.
Umcimbi omkhulu emhlabeni wamasiko kwaba ukucula komculi one-Bach suite. Wenza umsebenzi ensimbini yakhe yomculo eduze noDonga lwaseBerlin. Walwa nokushushiswa kwezimbongi nababhali baseRussia. Waze wanikeza uSolzhenitsyn indawo yokukhosela endaweni yakhe siqu. Futhi uma ngaphambili iziphathimandla zincoma imisebenzi yamasiko kaMstislav, khona-ke ngemva komsebenzi we-maestro, wayesohlwini "olumnyama". Ubebhekwe ngabomvu ngungqongqoshe wezamasiko kuleli.
Umsebenzi ubiza i-maestro kakhulu. Waxoshwa eBolshoi Theatre. UMstislav wanquma ukuvala umoya-mpilo ekugcineni. Manje wayengasakwazi ukuvakasha emazweni aseYurophu. Wayengavunyelwe ukucula eqenjini le-orchestra lasenhloko-dolobha.
Ukuthuthela umndeni wakwaRostropovich e-USA
Umqambi waqonda isikhundla sakhe, ngakho okuwukuphela kwento ayeyifuna kwakuwukuthola i-visa, athathe umkhaya wakhe futhi ashiye iSoviet Union. Wakwazi ukuzuza ayezimisele ukukwenza. Wathuthela eMelika nomndeni wakhe. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4, umndeni wakwaRostropovich uzophucwa ubuzwe, futhi usolwa ngokukhaphela i-Motherland.
Ukuhamba nokuzijwayeza e-United States kubiza kakhulu uMstislav. Kwaphela isikhathi eside engadlali, kodwa okwamanje, indoda yaphoqeleka ukuba yondle umkhaya wayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uzoqala ukubamba amakhonsathi okuqala abathandi bomculo baseMelika. Isimo sashintsha kakhulu ngemva kokuthatha isikhundla sokuba umqondisi wezobuciko weWashington Symphony Orchestra.
Ngemva kweminyaka engu-16 ngihlala kwelinye izwe, kwafika ukuqashelwa kochwepheshe. Wayebhekwa njengongqondongqondo bangempela. Uhulumeni wase-USSR waze wanikeza umqambi nomkakhe ukuba babuyele ezweni lakubo ngokubuya kobuzwe, kodwa uRostropovich akazange acabangele inketho yokubuyela eSoviet Union. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayesezijwayele ngokugcwele eMelika.
Iminyango cishe kunoma yiliphi izwe yavulelwa umndeni wakwaRostropovich. UMstislav waze wavakashela eMoscow. Lapho ebuyela eRussia, wayethambile kakhulu. Ngo-1993, wanquma ukuthuthela eSt.
Mstislav Rostropovich: Imininingwane yokuphila kwakhe siqu
Umculi we-Opera uGalina Vishnevskaya wathanda umculi ekuqaleni kokubona. Kwenye yezingxoxo, watshela ukuthi wazama kanjani ukunakekela ubuhle: wamnaka, wagcwalisa amakhulukhulu okuncoma futhi washintsha izingubo izikhathi eziningana ngosuku. UMstislav akakaze ahlukaniswe ngobuhle. Wajabula kakhulu lapho ebona uGalina.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlangana uGalina wayesezingeni eliphezulu lokuthandwa. Izinkulungwane zamadoda emhlabeni wonke zaziphupha ngaye. UMstislav wazuza inhliziyo yentokazi engenangqondo enemikhuba yobukhazikhazi nobuhlakani. Ngosuku lwesi-4 lokujwayelana kwabo, umculi wenza isiphakamiso somshado kule ntokazi. UGalina, owayenamahloni kancane ngenxa yokushesha kwezenzakalo, wabuyisela.
Isikhathi esithile lo mbhangqwana uhlala endlini yabazali bakaMstislav. Wathengela umndeni wakhe umuzi ngemva konyaka. Maphakathi nawo-50, uGalina wazala indodakazi yomyeni wakhe, ogama lakhe lingu-Olga. Lo mculi ubezifela ngomkakhe. Wamgcwalisa ngezipho ezibizayo futhi wazama ukunganqabi lutho kuye.
Ekupheleni kwe-50s, indodakazi yesibili yazalwa, abazali abanothando okuthiwa u-Elena. Naphezu kokuba matasa kakhulu, ubaba wafundela umculo namadodakazi akhe futhi wachitha isikhathi esiningi nawo.
Ukufa komqambi
Ngo-2007, umculi wazizwa kabi ngokungagwegwesi. Phakathi nonyaka walaliswa esibhedlela izikhathi eziningana. Odokotela bathola isimila esibindini se-maestro. Ngemva kokuxilongwa, odokotela abahlinzayo benza ukuhlinzwa, kodwa umzimba kaRostropovich wasabela kabi kakhulu ekungeneleleni. Ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-April 2007, washona. Umdlavuza kanye nemiphumela yokuvuselelwa kwabiza umqambi impilo yakhe.
