UFelix Mendelssohn ungumbhidisi nomqambi owaziwayo. Namuhla, igama lakhe lihlotshaniswa ne "Wedding March", ngaphandle kwalokho akukho mkhosi womshado ongacatshangwa.
Kwakudingeka kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu. Izikhulu eziphezulu zaziwathanda kakhulu umculo wakhe. Enenkumbulo eyingqayizivele, uMendelssohn udale inqwaba yezingoma ezifakwe ohlwini lwamahithi angafi.
Ubuntwana nobusha
UFelix waba nenhlanhla yokuzalwa emndenini ocebile. Futhi akuyona nje ingxenye yezezimali. Inhloko yomndeni yayinesikhundla somqondisi wendlu yasebhange, futhi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, yayinolwazi oluningi kwezobuciko. Umkhulu uMendelssohn wamnika ifa - ukukhuluma nokuhlakanipha. Wayeyisazi sefilosofi esidumile.
Umqambi odumile udabuka eHamburg. Usuku lokuzalwa lwe-maestro lungoFebhuwari 3, 1809. UFeliksi wazalelwa emndenini omkhulu. Wayenenhlanhla emangalisayo, ngoba abazali bakhe babenethuba lokunikeza izingane zabo imfundo ehloniphekile nokukhuliswa. Izivakashi ezihloniphekile zazivame ukuza endlini kaMendelssohn - kusukela kwizazi zefilosofi nezimbongi kuya kubaqambi nabaculi abadumile.
Unina kaFelix waqaphela ukuthi indodana yakhe ithanda umculo. Wakwazi ukuqondisa amandla okudala e-Mendelssohn endleleni efanele ngesikhathi. Waqala ukutadisha notation zomculo, futhi wasebenza ngenkuthalo nothisha Ludwig Berger. UFelix wayeyingcweti kwi-viola ne-violin, futhi ngokushesha wanquma ukufunda nokudlala upiyano. Naphezu kweminyaka yobudala enjalo, uMendelssohn wayengumuntu othuthuke kakhulu. Ngokuhambisana nezifundo zezinsimbi zomculo, ubuye acije ikhono lakhe lokukhuluma.
Imisebenzi yokuqala evela epeni likaMendelssohn yaphuma eneminyaka engu-9. Umfana wabhala ikakhulukazi izingcezu ezimfushane zomculo wepiyano nesitho. Izivakashi ezihloniphekile ezivakashele indlu ye-maestro ziwancoma ngobuqotho amakhono akhe.
Ngokushesha ikhonsathi yokuqala yomculi yenzeka. Kodwa-ke, uMendelssohn akazange alinge ukuzithoba ekuqanjweni kwakhe esidlangalaleni. Ngaphambi komphakathi, wayedlala umculo, esebenzisa umsebenzi wabanye ababhali. Ngokushesha wajabulisa izethameli nge-opera ethi "Abashana Ababili".
Umndeni wakwaMendelssohn wawuhamba kakhulu. Lapho esemncane, uFeliksi wavakashela eParis enemibala noyise. Ezweni elisha, ithalenta abasha babonisa imisebenzi yakhe yomculo. Izingoma zikaMendelssohn zahlangatshezwa lapho ngokufudumele, kodwa yena ngokwakhe wayenganelisekile ngesimo esasikhona eFrance.
Lapho efika ekhaya, wahlala phansi wabhala i-opera ethi Umshado kaCamacho. Ngo-1825 umsebenzi waqedwa ngokuphelele futhi wethulwa emphakathini uwonke.
Indlela yokudala yengcweti uFelix Mendelssohn
1831 kwaba unyaka oyingqopha-mlando ku-maestro. Kwakungalo nyaka lapho ethule khona umdlalo weshashalazi kaShakespeare othi A Midsummer Night's Dream. Umsebenzi wawugcwele isosha esihlatshelelwayo nezothando. Ingxenye yomhlangano yayiqukethe imashi yomshado efanayo eyaziwa wonke umuntu namuhla. Ngesikhathi kudalwa umsebenzi, umqambi wayengakaze abe neminyaka eyi-17.
Ngemva konyaka, ukuguqulwa kwesiteji somshado kaCamacho kwenzeka. Abagxeki bomculo bakhulume kahle ngalo msebenzi, okungeke kushiwo ngomphakathi waseshashalazini. Lesi sakamuva asizange sinikeze umsebenzi we-maestro ithuba lokuphila. Umqambi wayecindezelekile. Ngemuva kwalokho, unquma ukuqhela endaweni yeshashalazi futhi agxile ekwakheni izingoma zezinsimbi. Umsebenzi wokudala osebenzayo awuzange uvimbele umqambi ukuthi afunde eNyuvesi. Humboldt, eyayiseBerlin.
Isithixo sikaFeliksi sobusha kwakunguBach. Ngaleso sikhathi, uBach kubantu abaningi baseYurophu wayelingana noNkulunkulu. Ngokushesha uMendelssohn wethula incwadi ethi The Matthew Passion. Wanikeza indalo engafi Bach okusha, umsindo omnandi owengeziwe. Ngaleso sikhathi, yaba ngeminye yemicimbi esezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu yonyaka. Ngemva kwalokho, uFeliksi waqhubeka nohambo lwakhe lokuqala olukhulu.
Ukuvakasha kukaFelix Mendelssohn
I-maestro yaya endaweni yaseLondon. Phambi kwezihlwele ezazifuna ngamandla, umculi wenza imisebenzi yakhe siqu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wadlala izingoma ezithandwayo zikaWeber noBeethoven. Ngaso leso sikhathi, wavakashela eScotland. Ehlatshwe umxhwele ubuhle obungelona iqiniso, udala iSymphony yaseScotland.
Lapho uFeliksi ebuyela ezweni lakubo eJalimane, wabingelelwa ngenhlonipho enkulu. Wabuya engusaziwayo wangempela. Amakhonsathi akhe ayexhaswe nguyise, owayethatha indodana yakhe njengongqondongqondo bangempela. Ngemva kwekhefu elifushane, umculi uvakashela Austria, Italy, France. Maduze nje uzovakashela eRoma. Kwakulapha lapho ayezobhala khona I-First Walpurgis Night. Ukweseka umsebenzi omusha, uMendelssohn uzophinde avakashe.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo wathatha isikhundla senhloko ye-Orchestra ye-Gewandhaus. Izisebenzi ezazikwi-orchestra zazigcwele uthando nenhlonipho enkulu ngalo mholi omusha. Abaculi bavakashela kakhulu, futhi ngokushesha bathola ukuthandwa eYurophu. Ngokushesha uFeliksi waqala ukubhala i-triptych "Elia - uPawulu - uKristu".
Ngo-1841, kwenzeka esinye isenzakalo esibalulekile kuFeliksi. Iqiniso liwukuthi uFriedrich Wilhelm IV wayala i-maestro ukuthi iguqule iRoyal Academy of Arts eBerlin. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umqambi wethula i-oratorio emangalisayo u-Elia. Abagxeki nabathandi bomculo bamukele ngemfudumalo le nto entsha kangangokuthi uMendelssohn waphinde waphefumulelwa. Ubefuna ukuqhubeka nokudala nokujabulisa abalandeli abalandela umsebenzi wakhe ngomculo omusha.
Ukudala akuzange kuvimbele uMendelssohn ukuthi acabange ngezindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu. Wayefuna ukwakha isikhungo sokufundisa abantu abaphila ngomculo. I-maestro ifake isicelo sokusungulwa kwe-Leipzig Conservatory. Yavulwa ngo-1843, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, isithombe "sikababa" wakhe - uFeliksi Mendelssohn - sisalenga ngaphakathi kwezindonga zesikhungo semfundo.
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu ye-maestro ithuthuke ngempumelelo kakhulu. Wakwazi ukuthola lona wesifazane owaba kuye hhayi kuphela uthando lokuphila kwakhe, kodwa futhi Museum. UCecile Jeanrenot - lelo kwakuyigama likankosikazi we-maestro, waba ukusekelwa nokusekelwa kukaMendelssohn. Lo mbhangqwana wabhalisa ubuhlobo babo ngokusemthethweni ngo-1836. Wayeyindodakazi kamfundisi. UCecile wayehlukaniswa ngokuziphatha okuhle kanye nomlingiswa okhonondayo.
Unkosikazi ugqugquzele umqambi ukuthi abhale izingoma ezintsha. Ngenxa yokuzola azalwa naso uCecile, kwabusa ukuzwana nokunethezeka komndeni endlini. Kulo mshado, lo mbhangqwana waba nezingane ezingu-5.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngomqambi uFelix Mendelssohn
- UMendelssohn wayengumngane nabaqambi abadumile - uChopin noLiszt.
- UFeliksi wayengudokotela wefilosofi.
- Waqamba imisebenzi emikhulu engaphezu kwekhulu.
- Umnyuziyamu womqambi useJalimane, eLeipzig, esakhiweni esifanayo lapho asinde kuso isifo sohlangothi sakhe sokugcina.
- "Wedding March" yaduma kuphela ngemva kokufa maestro.
Iminyaka yokugcina yempilo ye-maestro
Ngo-1846 waqala ukuba nezinkinga zempilo. Wabuya ngemva kokuvakasha futhi waqala ukubhala triptych "Kristu". Impilo kaFelix yayiwohloka, okwenza wangakwazi ukubuyela emsebenzini. Umqambi wezwa kabi kakhulu. Wahlushwa ubuthakathaka kanye ne-migraines. Odokotela batusa ukuthi uMendelssohn athathe ikhefu lokudala.
Ngokushesha udadewabo womqambi washona, futhi lesi senzakalo senza isimo se-maestro sibe sibi. Wahlupheka kakhulu ngokufa komuntu amthandayo. Ekwindla ka-1847, uMendelssohn washaywa unhlangothi futhi akakwazanga ukululama isikhathi eside. Isimo somqambi saba sibi kakhulu. Akazange ahambe. Ngemva kwenyanga, isifo sohlangothi saphinda. Maye, umzimba wakhe wawungakwazi ukumelana nokushaywa. Umqambi wafa ngoNovemba 4, 1847.
